The role of planning instruments for governance transformation. The case of Rio de Janeiro’s slum upgrading and its effects on the depolitization of the municipal housing policy
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Date
2016
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AESOP
Abstract
In Brazil, the New Constitution of 1988 entailed substantial changes for urban planning. In particular, it devolved the decision-making of land use and urban space from the federal to the municipal level (Fernandes 1995). In the case of cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants, the Constitution stipulated the elaboration of a Master Plan aiming to regulate their urban development. Rio de Janeiro’s Master Plan was enacted by the Municipal Chamber in June 1992 (Complementary Law No.16/1992). Among others it established that Rio’s municipal housing policy should include initiatives for housing construction as well as for favelas’ urbanization and regularization. One year later, at the beginning of Cesar Maia’s first administration (1993-1996), the municipality started the development of Rio’s housing policy using slum upgrading as main instrument through the Favela-Bairro programme.
The existing literature has contributed greatly to understand “how politics is manifested in the planning contents, shaped by institutional arrangements, and played out in the planning processes” (CFP-WPSC 2016). For instance, Bahia 2000, Broudehoux 2001, Randolph 2004, Silva 2006 and Simpson 2013, unveiled different hidden processes and interest, contributing to understand how politics have influenced Rio’s housing policy and ultimately Rio’s planning since the 1990s. However, there is a little understanding on “the role of planning in the politics of place and the governance of social temporal and spatial relations” (CFP-WPSC 2016), and in particular on urban polices such as housing and their instrument’s role for politics and governance transformation.
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Proceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the south
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