Poverty in urban zones of exception: urban segregation in São Paulo
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Date
2016
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AESOP
Abstract
The central hypothesis to be engaged in this work is that the elimination of the image of urban poverty, of living precariously, which in the beginning of the 20th century was disguised by the need to eliminate unhealthiness and immorality, has undergone changes in its way of application, without, however, leaving the Brazilian political urban agenda. If urban segregation presupposes the use of urban design tools, especially road works for the creation of locations (Villaça, 2004), it is intended to present here the way in which the Public Policy in Brazil has acted to create what could be called “segregating locations”, by sponsoring the elimination of slums.
The return guarantee for investments to be made by the private sector presupposes, in the current case of the Água Espraiada Corsortium for Urban Operation (OUCAE, in Portuguese), in the municipality of Sao Paulo, the total suppression of 29 slums, with the prolongation of the Roberto Marinho Avenue, the building of a tunnel and a linear park. The motto for the works estimated in more than 4 billion Brazilian reals is the opening of a new front for real estate capital, with emphasis on private investments in housing and services. If the success of this contemporary model of urban planning presupposes the viability of private investments, it is convenient to consider the mechanism that ensures such viability. This research intends, therefore, to explore the final form of these plans – urban design itself –; how the physical poverty has been eliminated, notably the slums and the other “informal settlements”, as a hurdle to the return of private investment. Opposing the consolidated speech in the last quarter of the 20th century, about the integration of informal settlements to the formal city as an urban policy, the State continues to fund its elimination in regions destined to be given to the real estate market in exchange for ‘financial contribution’ (in the form of onerous grant of the right to build).
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Proceedings of the IV World Planning Schools Congress, July 3-8th, 2016 : Global crisis, planning and challenges to spatial justice in the north and in the south
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