II - Annual Congresses
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Every year, usually in July, AESOP holds its Annual Congress, hosted by one of member universities. Congresses are a wide platform of exchange in the fields of research, education and practice in planning. They usually run around 20 thematic tracks and host outstanding invited speakers.
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Item Open Access Item Open Access Program AESOP 2005 Annual Congress The Dream of a Greater Europe(AESOP, 2005)Since May 1, 2004, the European Union has ten new member states. While on first sight this date merely marked the enlargement of the territory of the European Union, it was a very special step - as some say - towards the "Europeanisation" of the European Union, which for the first time now includes countries which until 1989 belonged to the former "Eastern bloc" and which for the first time now embraces important parts of the Slavic-speaking world of Europe. The enlargement is a fascinating step in the slow process of this "peace project" of the unification of Europe, which not only creates cultural, economic, legal, social and democratic problems but under the "cohesion" principle of the European Union also poses a challenge to spatial planning in Europe. Vienna, traditionally a multicultural city, had been located on the "fringe of the western world" just 60 kilometres from the former "iron curtain" for more than 40 years, and all of a sudden found itself back at the centre of Europe. Vienna is a place where all the emotional, political and social consequences of the enlargement process of the European Union become acutely perceptible. The AESOP Congress will be dealing with the challenges this unification process poses for the planning profession in Europe. Is the European Union as the core of the European unification process becoming larger or greater? Is it a chance, a vision or a dream?Item Open Access Book of abstracts : The Dream of a greater Europe, Vienna, Austria, July 13-17, 2005(AESOP, 2005) Voigt, Andreas; Kanonier, ArthurThis Book of Abstracts is intended to serve as a valuable guidance for the 2005 AESOP Congress, enabling the participants to organise their schedules for “The Dream of a GREATER Europe”. The book in hand can serve as a quick reference to the main aspects of the many different issues arising for the planning profession in Europe within the unification process. But in a deeper sense, it is also intended to represent a focal point, a key node in the network of communication among the many disciplines which have their part to play in the challenges of the enlargement process. Due to the variety of topics addressed as well as the large number of abstracts we received, the abstracts are structured by topic in the main tracks and by alphabetical order of the author’s surname within each topic. An alphabetical person index at the end of this book will assist you in finding articles. On the basis of the general theme “The Dream of a GREATER Europe” and 15 thematic tracks including detailed track statements, the conference received over 500 abstracts from 45 countries worldwide. The abstracts were blind-reviewed by an international jury consisting of 29 track chairs and additional anonymous readers who scored the papers and entered more than 700 reviews and comments, thus making an essential contribution to scientific quality assurance. The jury members were assigned in accordance with their fields of expertise and the papers’ keywords. The scores were used as the basis for selecting papers for the conference. Reviews and comments were delivered to the authors in order to improve the quality of the full papers. Authors could select between the following further procedures for submitting full papers: – Best AESOP Congress Paper Procedure: as part of a general effort to promote the submission and dissemination of high quality congress papers, AESOP in cooperation with the local organizing committee organized the first ”Best AESOP Congress Paper Competition” - full papers had to be sent in via the electronic submission interface; – AESOP Optional Standard Procedure: full papers had to be sent in via the electronic submission interface; – AESOP Standard Procedure: full paper is to be delivered at the conference. A total of 410 papers are now being presented; many of these contributions brought new knowledge and/or extended and improved on the previous status of information. While we have made every effort to achieve uniformity of style, the presented results and the final shape of the manuscript remain the sole responsibility of the presenting authors. Two Chairs were responsible for each Track (namely: Andreas Faludi, Karina Pallagst, Simin Davoudi, Walter Schönwandt, Stanley Stein, Marco van der Land, Jens S. Dangschat, Rachelle Alterman, Benjamin Davy, Marcel Bazin, Alex Fubini, Angela Hull, Luca Bertolini, Alan Reeve, Ivan Stanic, Klaus R. Kunzmann, Mervi Ilmonen, Jørgen Amdam, Garri Raagmaa, Alessandro Balducci, Louis Albrechts, Bohdan Tscherkes, Andreas Hofer, Bob Martens, Andrew Roberts, Gerlind Weber, Norio Okada, Wilfried Schönbäck), the task of each being to substantiate the thematic approach of the respective Track within his/her scope of discretion. We greatly appreciate the intensive cooperation and excellent support! We would also like to express our sincere thanks to the reviewing team for shepherding these abstracts to publication. The whole submission and reviewing procedure was supported by an electronic database. A simple version of the current AESOP2005 solution was made available in 2001 and went through a process of continuing improvements/adaptations. The solution was customized for the IAPS 2004 conference within the framework of the SciX project. The contributions to AESOP’05 Vienna (including full papers as far as available) are accessible via this system. The local organizing team would like to thank Tomo Cerovsek of the University of Ljubljana who developed and customized the system and Bob Martens of the Vienna University of Technology for their wonderful support.Item Open Access Book of Abstracts : ACSP-AESOP 4th Joint Congress Chicago, Illinois, July 6-11, 2008(AESOP, 2008)The abstracts are first sorted by track, then by the last name of the presenting author. The final printed program distributed in Chicago and posted to the web following the Congress will also list the presenting author first. For roundtables, the moderators name is listed first. New abstract numbers have been assigned to the works and these numbers will also reference the abstracts in the final printed program. The author index follows this introduction. A keyword index is provided at the back of this publication. The Joint Congress Committee will publish a compact disk of conference abstracts. In addition, we are providing authors the opportunity to make their full papers available to Congress attendees included on the same disk. In considering whether to take advantage of this opportunity, you should be aware of a potential pitfall in providing the full paper via the conference compact disk. The issue is that some peer-reviewed journals (many in the U.S.) consider such reproduction to be prior publication and will not review for publication a paper disseminated in this way. It would be prudent to discuss this issue with the editor of a publication outlet you may be targeting prior to submitting your full conference paper for inclusion on the conference compact disk. If you are interested in having your paper available via the conference CD, please email your final PDF to ddodd@acsp.org no later than June 2, 2008. Final papers can not be edited by the Congress staff after we receive them. You may submit an edited completed paper in another PDF file. As indicated in the Call for Papers, the abstracts included in this book are UNEDITED and are included as they were submitted to the on-line abstract submission system. If you discover an error by Congress staff in the creation of this book, please let us know immediately by contacting ddodd@acsp.org, but there will be no editing of individual abstracts. Author additions, withdrawals and presentation title edits may be provided for the final printed program only. We will not incorporate substitution of one work for another by the same author, and only the peer-reviewed, accepted work can be presented at the Congress. As a reminder, the presentation schedule for the Joint Congress will be created in the second week of May, so it will be approximately the third week of May before email notifications are delivered with your presentation time. We cannot re-schedule presentations according to personal travel itineraries. If you must withdraw your presentation, please let us know as soon as possible by contacting ddodd@acsp.org.Item Open Access Living or leaving? Regeneration policies in multi-ethnic contexts in north Italy(AESOP, 2010) Briata, PaolaThe paper examines the regeneration strategies carried out in the last 10-15 years in three multi-ethnic areas in Brescia, Genoa and Turin (North Italy). These cities have all been important industrial centres and, in recent years, the economic restructuring of the post-industrial age has led their leaderships and policy makers to invest in visitor economy. The paper aims at rendering problematic an assumption circulating among academics and planners stating that, in these contexts, regeneration and urban renewal policies have been addressed only at the immigrants’ expulsion from the cities’ more central areas. In fact different approaches could be found in the different cities according to the peculiarities of their development strategies, to the public debate on immigration proposed at local level, as well as to the more or less strategic role given to integration policies of the disadvantaged groups, independently from their national origin.Item Open Access Planning and spatial justice in the city : The School and Refugee Reception Centre as sites of resistance in the contemporary multi-ethnic city(AESOP, 2010) Kalanje, HumphreyPlanning and spatial justice in the city : The School and Refugee Reception Centre as sites of resistance in the contemporary multi-ethnic city Of late, spatial justice in the city has been receiving increasing attention in planning theory. Greater attention is thus being paid to what has been called the spatialization of justice and the desire for a just city. Susan Fainstein, Edward Soja and others have all written extensively on the subject. Most of these narratives have been informed by a re-reading of the spatial theories of Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault. There has also been an increasing acceptance of the presence of conflict and a shift away from privileging consensus as a goal in the planning process. Such a shift has been one propagated by proponents of a radical critical planning theory based on the belief that the agonistic approach in its acknowledgement on the ineluctable presence of conflict is probably the only one which is valid in the pluralistic city of today (Pløger 2004, Painter 2005).Item Open Access Planning, public contracts and European land law(AESOP, 2010) Korthals Altes, Willem K.; Ploeger, HendrikOrganizing a Single European Market affects property. Although the European Treaties does not provide grounds for a prejudgment of the national rules that govern the system of property ownership, national systems of property may not form an infringement to the rules of the single market. Rules for public contracts and public works concessions constrain the role of public property in planning policies, and may have considerable theoretical and practical implications. This paper discusses these implications. The theoretical implications will be focused on the relationship between European law and planning law. The practical implications will be focused on planning practice.Item Open Access Community self-surveys: appropriating a technology of rule(AESOP, 2010) Watson, VanessaThe rapid growth of urban populations in cities of the global South, gives rise to major conflicts between those attempting to gain a foothold in urban areas and those attempting to govern these places. This can be conceptualising as a ‘conflict of rationalities’ between techno-managerial and marketized systems of government administration, service provision and planning, and increasingly marginalized urban populations surviving largely under conditions of informality. The ‘interface’ between these conflicting rationalities is frequently a site of struggle the outcomes of which can take various forms and can warp technologies of rule and strategies of ‘improvement’ in various ways. The community self-survey ‘movement’ provides one such example of struggle over a technology of rule which can potentially yield important learning outcomes. The paper explores examples of self-enumeration in shack-dwelling populations in Cape Town (South Africa) where this has been used to engage with the local state.Item Open Access Decreasing land consumption by using PPP in land use management(AESOP, 2010) Knappik, Magdalena; Renetzki, PeterThe public financed research project “Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) in land use management at the regional level” deals with the high land use in Germany. Between 2005 and 2008 the average daily land use for new settlement and transport-related areas in Germany was up to 115 hectares per day. This high land use has a multitude of economical, ecological and socio-ecological consequences, like loss of space for agriculture, loss of function of ground by sealing, social and geographical disparity or rising cost of settlement structure. By creating a better synchronisation of public and private stakeholders in land use management, the research project forces a revitalisation of brownfields and a reduction of the land consumption. The following paper will discuss the dimension of land use for new settlement and transport related areas in Germany, the different kinds of stakeholders with their often-diverged interests and the main modules of the land use management concept which were developed by the research project.Item Open Access Environmental Policy-Making in the Chinese Urban Growth Regime(AESOP, 2010) Wang, YanThis paper examines the politics of local environmental policy-making within the wider context of urban governance in contemporary China. Theoretically, the research approach links with the strategic-relational approach to policy-making, which emphasizes the importance of grounding empirical research on a detailed analysis of the various contexts for local action including an understanding of how different actors and organizations interpret their strategically-selective contexts. The analytical framework is based on the conception that the strategic selectivity of local environmental policy-making invariably reflects a set of structural opportunities for or constraints on policy-making, as well as the perception that key actors have of those opportunities or constraints and both of these. The paper thus focus on understanding how local urban authorities and politicians have responded to international, national or regional political pressures, as well as local pressures for or against local urban environmental policy-making. The paper also explores the incentives for and constraints on proactive environmental policy at the urban scale.Item Open Access Exploring potentials of sense-making theory for understanding social processes in a public hearing meeting(AESOP, 2010) Lyhne, IvarThis paper has point of departure in a planning process for energy infrastructure in Denmark and focuses on a particular public hearing meeting characterised by trenchant opposition and distrust to the authorities among the public. It points at the need to understand the interaction between authorities and the public, which in the case of energy infrastructure, often is characterised by conflict. A sense-making framework is developed based on Karl E. Weick's theory to investigate how participants at the meeting change their understanding of aspects like other actors' opinions and the infrastructure project. Through interviews and observations it is shown that participants' senses do not change except from a few aspects. The participants at the meeting thus seem stuck in their positions without any interest in being open for other interpretations or arguments. The investigation leads to considerations about the benefit and role of such a public meeting and the importance of trust and openness in the social processes in a public hearing.Item Open Access The dead end of demand modelling: supplying a futures-based public transport plan(AESOP, 2010) Curtis, Carey; Scheurer, Jan; Burke, MatthewThis paper discusses the transport planning issues that are exposed when new accessibility tools have been employed, designed to address the challenge of providing accessibility by public transport as a serious alternative to car use. Research from case studies in Perth and Brisbane is reported. The paper discusses the benefits of focusing on metropolitan-wide supply side modelling as opposed to simply applying demand forecasts; the need to, and challenges of, setting benchmarks that define quality public transport and accessibility; the need for iterative review by setting long term visions and back-casting as well as looking forward from current city structures. The analysis has raised some interesting questions. It is evident that the past practice of incremental and ad hoc changes to the public transport network will not meet Australia’s transport challenges in a timely fashion. What is needed is a step-change, but this requires both a long-term view of future city size and structure (a challenge for land use planners who have thus far not planned in this way) and considerable public funding in the short term (where public transport has traditionally been underfunded relative to private transport). It is questionable whether the required rate of change can be achieved.Item Open Access The Luxury of Participation in Innovative Virtual Planning with Citizens in Vast, Remote, and Sparsely Populated Areas(AESOP, 2010) Hongisto, Patrizia; Ferm, TiinaCitizen participation in the development of urban space is oriented towards citizens‟ choice of proposed solutions. Often, this is a regulated process which happens at a stage when relevant issues may already be overlooked. However, technology for virtual meetings now offers new opportunities for early and innovative citizen participation. This paper presents how spatial planning software and virtual decision-making tools are changing and innovating governance processes. Participation in the vast archipelago surrounding the City of Turku, Finland, aims at more inclusive consultation. The area participates in several European ICT projects focusing on user and demand driven research, development and innovation. Elected citizens and civil servants can make use of virtually conducted preparation meetings at earlier stages in the planning processes. We conclude that though planning may not commonly prepare and present issues virtually, rural areas are an example that there is readiness for this for reasons of distributed governance.Item Open Access Harmonious coexistence of housing and manufacturing in industrial areas of Japan(AESOP, 2010) Takahashi, Akira; Abe, HirokazuThis paper examines current approaches to and challenges of town design and management in industrial areas with a large number of small and medium size factories in Japan. We focus on a detailed case study on town design and management in the Takaida district of Higashi-Osaka City. In this paper, the term "Harmonious Coexistence of Housing and Manufacturing" is defined as a conceptual aim of achieving sustainable development and building a “compact city” in an area with a mix of housing and workplaces. The preliminary findings of the study revealed that industrial area has decreased 29%, while residential area has increased 34% between 1983 and 2003.and the mixing of residences and factories has progressed A large number of stakeholders has made it difficult to build consensus for a master plan of the district and there is therefore a need of introducing a new mechanism for drawing up the master plan.Item Open Access Models, Environment and Manipulation: Power and Knowledge Filtering in the Decision-making process about the Third Limfjord Crossing(AESOP, 2010) Astrup Andersen, Jeppe; Næss, PetterUsing the Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed Third Limfjord Crossing in Aalborg, Denmark as an example, this paper discusses how transport models can be designed, consciously or unconsciously, to be imbued with a political program of discrimination, causing forecasting error in transport infrastructure planning. Assuming that traffic growth would be the same regardless of whether or not a new motorway was constructed, the planners in the Limfjord case concluded that intolerable congestion would arise in the absence of increased road capacity. The paper discusses how the zero-alternative was fabricated through unrealistic assumptions of the Limfjord case traffic model about relevant causal mechanisms, and gives an outline of the planning and decision-making process in which the model was used. The paper concludes that a process of knowledge filtering has taken place, where state-of-the-art knowledge about induced and generated travel ended up being dismissed in the political and legal decision-making system.Item Open Access “Resilience Thinking” for urban analysis and planning: An exploratory research on Istanbul(AESOP, 2010) Eraydin, AydaThis paper attempts to decipher the concept of resilience in urban analysis and planning, first by working on the terms used in order to explain “resilience”, second to define a framework that defines the basic principles of building resilience cities and third to discuss these principles in the Istanbul context in order to investigate the critical issues for planning this city region, which became increasingly vulnerable in recent years. In order to reach this aim the paper proposes a framework to understand and analyze the changes and processes with the use of attributes of resilience under the headings below; disturbances, vulnerability of the urban ecosystems, adaptive capacities and outcomes of disturbances on urban sub-systems as self-organization, adaptation or transformation. Using the exploratory questions and indicators that define the adaptive capacity, the research on Istanbul has been designed to identify the critical issues in urban analysis and planning principles to be followed in Istanbul under the resilience perspective. The paper presents the findings and discusses how general principles as well as principles based on local issues and priorities can be defined in planning practice.Item Open Access Beetham Beetham Beetham: Banal Luxury and ‘Quality Places’(AESOP, 2010) Jefferies, TomThe UK has seen the longest period of boom in the construction industry since WW2, with continuous growth between 1993 and 2007, a context that dramatically and radically changed following the global financial crisis of 2008-09. The boom was characterised by a revived focus on the city centre as a space where regeneration of post-industrial cities could be catalysed in an environment that saw overt competition between cities to be the best. The boom also coincided with the raising in public consciousness of design as a qualitative and desirable commodity through exposure in popular media and encapsulation of ‘quality’ in political and policy objectives. This in turn has led to the introduction of new areas of built environment focussed policy and guidance aiming to ensure design ‘quality’ that embodies the values of ‘place’ in both urban space and built form. Place intersects the uniqueness of location with culture. This raises the question ‘If each city is different why are new places all so similar?’Item Open Access Effects of local cultures on the territorial management of flood risk areas in the bangkok metropolitan region(AESOP, 2010) Rongwiriyaphanich, SuwannaThis paper examines the applicability and limitations of the proposed analytical framework. The framework was developed to facilitate an analysis of territorial development processes taken culture as an important element shaping planning processes and spatial outcomes. Five main principles underpin the proposed analytical framework are the concept of social-ecological system (Folke et al. 2005), culture-changing dynamics (Gullestrup 2006), Institutional Analysis and Development framework (Ostrom 2005), five dimensions of cultures (Hofstede and Hofstede 2005) and cultural theory (Thompson et al. 1990). The analysis of territorial development of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, with special emphasis on the impacts of local cultures on policy initiatives and spatial outcomes in relation to flood risk management in the region, is taken as an example for investigation. The analysis shows that despite its potential subjectivity resulted by heuristic interpretation, the proposed analytical framework tends to be a promising approach.Item Open Access The luxury of silence, cemeteries as places of ‘aposiopesis’ in the city(AESOP, 2010) Zavraka, Despoina D.; Tellios, Anastasios D.‘Aposiopesis’ derives from the Greek word ‘αποσιώπησις’ meaning becoming silent or maintaining silence. It is when a statement or address is broken off, left unfinished, only to be completed in the imagination. Bearing in mind that ‘place’ has been defined as ‘the concrete manifestation of man’s dwelling’, it becomes a paradox that cemeteries are probably the only ‘places’ manifesting very little about their ‘dwellers’. Therefore, they appear as remote urban spaces in aposiopesis of their content and habitation. Someone would be more precise describing contemporary cemeteries as ‘uninhabited’, but yet not ‘empty’, urban places. Viewed as places of expression of our ‘being-in-the-world’, they transcend every aspect of functionality. Therefore the current discussion on the formation of contemporary ‘gravescapes’ as urban territories arise multiple quests about their content and identity in the city. The research will be based on emerging theories and contemporary examples of cemetery design. The central argument concentrates on the present relation between the city and cemetery formation through social, cultural and aesthetical aspects.Item Open Access Resilience and/or vulnerability? Relationships and roles in risk mitigation strategies(AESOP, 2010) Galderisi, Adriana; Ferrara, Floriana F.; Ceudech, AndreaResilience and vulnerability represent two core-concepts in the disaster field, widely invoked as basic means for supporting risk mitigation strategies. Vulnerability has been in-depth investigated since the Seventies; resilience has been largely widespread in the disaster field over the last two decades, although a shared theoretical and operative approach to this concept is still missing and the relationships between vulnerability and resilience are still a nebulous matter. This paper, based on a research work developed within the 7°FP Ensure Project, has been addressed to: in-depth investigate the concept of Resilience, in order to provide a conceptual model of its main components by integrating different disciplinary perspectives; explore, grounding on both scientific literature and the proposed conceptual model of resilience, the relationships between vulnerability and resilience, and highlight common aspects and peculiarities, in order to better understand their respective roles in achieving risk reduction goals.