2024 - Game changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14235/2134

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Open Access
Program of the Game changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions
(AESOP, 2024)
Paris is now another example of the urban impact caused by significant events like the Olympics. However, it generally raises questions about all urban transformations intended to be virtuous but often proves counterproductive. Both great events and disasters teach us to adopt a rigorous and critical approach to significant events. Moreover, this occasion provides an opportunity to ponder the interface between new and emerging themes that Tracks, Round tables and Special sessions offer from the various networks connecting AESOP researchers, institutions and countries of origin. A new section introduced this year - French Cuisine - addresses the interface with researchers in France and the world of operational urban planning, which is in a constant dialogue with researchers in France Lastly, it entails reflection on the ongoing significant challenges, transitions, and changes, as well as the wars and conflicts that we cannot ignore, even though we may not know how to address them.
Open Access
Book of Abstracts : Game changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions
(AESOP, 2024)
Welcome to Paris and to the Urban School and the CEE of Sciences Po Paris is now another example of the urban impact caused by significant events like the Olympics. However, it generally raises questions about all urban transformations intended to be virtuous but often proves counterproductive. Both great events and disasters teach us to adopt a rigorous and critical approach to significant events. Moreover, this occasion provides an opportunity to ponder the interface between new and emerging themes that Tracks, Round tables and Special sessions offer from the various networks connecting AESOP researchers, institutions and countries of origin. A new section introduced this year - French Cuisine - addresses the interface with researchers in France and the world of operational urban planning, which is in a constant dialogue with researchers in France Lastly, it entails reflection on the ongoing significant challenges, transitions, and changes, as well as the wars and conflicts that we cannot ignore, even though we may not know how to address them.
Open Access
Book of Proceedings : Game changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions
(AESOP, 2024) Cremaschi, Marco
Paris is now another example of the urban impact caused by significant events like the Olympics. However, it generally raises questions about all urban transformations intended to be virtuous but often proves counterproductive. Both great events and disasters teach us to adopt a rigorous and critical approach to significant events. Moreover, this occasion provides an opportunity to ponder the interface between new and emerging themes that Tracks, Round tables and Special sessions offer from the various networks connecting AESOP researchers, institutions and countries of origin. A new section introduced this year - French Cuisine - addresses the interface with researchers in France and the world of operational urban planning, which is in a constant dialogue with researchers in France Lastly, it entails reflection on the ongoing significant challenges, transitions, and changes, as well as the wars and conflicts that we cannot ignore, even though we may not know how to address them.
Open Access
Urban planning in the post-growth era: insights from World Bank indicators
(AESOP, 2024) Li, Xin; Yang, Ting
In the current era of IPCC reports emphasising the urgency of shifting to a climate-resilient development paradigm, there is still a theoretical gap in understanding the interplay between economic growth and economic sustainability. This study proposes a new economic growth model based on an extensive analysis of 921 indicators from the World Bank database, which identifies two main categories of growth drivers: "economic model dynamics" accounting for 73.9% of influence, and "environmental forces for development" contributing the remaining 26.1% of influence. "Urban planning plays a key role in harnessing these drivers to adapt and optimise economic growth. We advocate an integrated approach that combines rigorous data analysis with visionary planning, aiming to promote an urban renaissance of sustainable and inclusive growth. Keywords: urban planning, post-growth era , economic growth modelling, World Bank indicators, sustainable development
Open Access
Planning beyond growth: a case study of wellbeing-oriented planning in Wales and Cornwall
(AESOP, 2024) Holmstrand, Karin
This study explores two post-growth initiatives, the doughnut economics in Cornwall and the wellbeing economy in Wales, by the means of a qualitative content analysis of documents related to land-use and transport planning. The study shows that there are traces of post-growth ideas in strategic documents and plans, as well as indications that these ideas also are forming concrete policies, although some documents are still clearly growth oriented. To analyse the implications of post-growth ideas in planning practice and culture, a deeper empirical analysis is needed. Keywords: Post-growth; case studies; wellbeing; doughnut economics; planning
Open Access
Research on Rural Revitalization Planning from the Perspective of Ecological Capitalization: Taking Nuanshui Township as an Example
(AESOP, 2024) Siwei, Peng; Yufei, Lu; Yizhe, Wang
Balancing environmental protection and economic growth while promoting rural revitalization and coordinated urban-rural development is a crucial issue in China. With ecological capitalization as the starting point, this research proposes a rural revitalization planning model that is led by ecological principles, supported by population, industry, and land, and complemented by culture, based on the analytical framework of "ecological resources - ecological assets - ecological capital." Taking Nuanshui Township in Inner Mongolia as a typical case, the goal is to transform it into a comprehensive national forest park in the coal mining region of western Inner Mongolia and northern Shaanxi, exhibiting Chinese-style modernization, ecological, and geological characteristics. This approach provides valuable insights for exploring the promotion of rural revitalization through ecological capitalization. Keywords: Ecological capitalization; Rural revitalization; Nuanshui Township; Sustainable development
Open Access
From Howard's Garden City Movement to Zero-Carbon New Towns in the postgrowth era: the case of New Town development in the context of carbon neutrality of Shanghai
(AESOP, 2024) Wei, Wei
Shanghai's urban development has transitioned from traditional New Towns to the emergence of zero- carbon New Towns, driven by a commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060. This transition reflects a broader shift towards sustainability and decarbonization in urban planning. Five major New Towns around Shanghai embody this shift, focusing on renewable energy, green infrastructure, and low-carbon living. Key indicators guide their development, emphasizing mixed land use, energy-efficient buildings, sustainable transportation, waste management, and climate resilience. Effective implementation mechanisms, supported by policy, finance, and community engagement, ensure the realization of low-carbon goals. Shanghai's journey towards zero-carbon New Towns highlights a proactive approach to address climate change while creating livable, resilient urban environments. Key words: New Town development, carbon neutrality, sustainable development, carbon reduction
Open Access
The Internet As A Business Game Changer: A Study On Invisible Consumption Spaces In Nanjing Old City
(AESOP, 2024) Wang, Jinyi; Sun, Shijie; Cong, Xiaoyu
With the recent development of online-to-offline (O20) industries in China, the Internet has become a game- changer, facilitating the creation of new forms of spaces. Taking Nanjing old city as a case study, this paper identifies invisible consumption spaces that are not situated on the streets or in shopping malls but are primarily located inside high-rise buildings and rely on online platforms to operate. The distribution of invisible consumption spaces presents characteristics of central agglomeration and multi-polar clustering. Based on decision tree algorithms, an analysis of a typical area indicates that spatial costs, property rights, and building management and support are the primary influencing factors. Additionally, commercial-residential buildings play a crucial role as carriers of spatial clustering. This paper argues that the emergence and development of invisible consumption spaces is a manifestation of the diversification of old city consumption spaces and a significant bottom-up regeneration strategy in the Internet era. Keywords: Invisible consumption space, O20, distribution characteristics, spatial clustering, space regeneration
Open Access
Can Fast Urban Growth Be Low-carbon? Sub-Saharan Cities Towards New Territorial Strategies
(AESOP, 2024) Fiacco, Federica; Jere, Kezala; Talamini, Gianni
Sub-Saharan Africa is now experiencing rapid urban growth. Considering that buildings account for most of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, guiding such an urban development towards low carbon is vital. With such an aim, this study focuses on the case of Lusaka, the capital of Zambia, which is subject to a rigid and partially outdated urban development system and lacks a deliberate policy addressing sustainable urban growth. This study aims to demonstrate how, in the context of Lusaka, renewable technologies can contribute towards a net zero strategic territorial development. First, a systematic review of the integration of residential rooftop solar photovoltaics (RPVs) was undertaken; second, an in- depth purposive-sampled semi-structured interview with a local expert was conducted; third, the combination between renewable technologies and urban development was explored; finally, the systematic integration of RPVs based on the following four factors was proposed: (1) site coverage, (2) floor area ratio, (3) number of storeys, and (4) dwellers' density. Results show a range of feasible hybrid solutions for addressing Lusaka's electricity needs. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that on-site energy production can influence both horizontal and vertical dimensions of buildings of energy self-sufficient energy communities: the maximum number of storeys, the maximum number of dwellers and, consequently, the floor area ratio. This study aims to pave the way towards regulated, strategic and sustainable territorial development by illustrating an easily replicable strategy. Keywords: Fast urbanisation; Territorial strategies; On-site energy production; Sub-Saharan Africa; Lusaka
Open Access
Research on Strategies for Enhancing Urban Spatial Resilience in Shanghai Based on the Connotations and Characteristics of "Resilient Cities"
(AESOP, 2024) Yao, Qiang; An, Na; Shen, Qingji
This paper explores the enhancement strategies for urban spatial resilience in Shanghai by defining, interpreting, and identifying the characteristics of "urban spatial resilience." Firstly, it analyses the relationship between resilient cities and urban spatial resilience. Secondly, it examines the systemic composition, organisational methods, and representation of resilient cities, revealing three essential contents-hierarchical structures, resilience mechanisms, and resilience representations-and four fundamental characteristics (13 attributes): capacity, structure, mechanism, and representation. Thirdly, it reviews the urban spatial planning, spatial expansion changes, and urban compactness variations in Shanghai since 1985. Finally, the paper identifies current issues in Shanghai's urban spatial development and proposes strategies to enhance its urban spatial resilience. Keywords: Resilient Cities, Spatial Resilience, Shanghai, Construction Principles, Enhancement Strategies
Open Access
Nature is (not) democratic Notes for a community-based approach to natural resources
(AESOP, 2024) Luciani, Giulia
The paper demonstrates how different understanding of what nature is and what socio-natural assemblages it forms can lead to strikingly contrasting environmental strategies and planning approaches, and argues for a reframing of nature and natural resources governance in the context of planning practices if a truly earthcaring model is to be achieved. Considerations and reflections developed on the current mainstream environmental policies and their understanding of nature, as well as on alternative framings of nature and politics of nature, aim at outlining a frame of reference for the co-management of nature in the perspective of the urban bioregion approach, by defining the conceptual basis and identifying research and practice gaps. Keywords: natural resources, politics, local communities, urban bioregion
Open Access
What practices to overcome the "cultural remoteness" of inner peripheries? A focus on Italian case studies
(AESOP, 2024) Pisano, Chiara; Limongi, Giada
The contribution focuses on the role of culture in regeneration practices in inner peripheries. The few culture- based strategies promoted so far in these areas often consist of territorial marketing operations tailored to urban tourism, which risk of trivialising and flattening local culture and identities. Instead, the promotion of a contemporary cultural production, albeit based on local heritage, memories, traditions and identities could strengthen the ongoing socio-economic development strategies and offer alternatives to the prevailing urban cultural model. The critical review of best practices, selected from Italian and European networks that bring together culture-led regeneration practices, allows to explore whether and how current practices in inner peripheries are contributing to generate new "cultural models", tailored to the peculiarities of these areas and alternative to the urban ones.
Open Access
Micro-Intervention as a New Approach for Urban Regeneration in Metropolises: A Case Study in Beijing
(AESOP, 2024) Chen, Dongdong
This study examines urban regeneration in Beijing through the lens of micro-intervention strategies, in alignment with the city's 2016-2035 Master Plan. As Beijing confronts challenges of its vast population and rapid urban growth, it has adopted a sustainable development model characterised by a growth cap and a strategic emphasis on minimalistic interventions. This paper examines three exemplary cases-No. 17 Guangminglou Residence, Wangjing Walk Business District, and Langyuan Vintage Factory-to illustrate how Beijing manages growth constraints while enhancing the quality of urban life. The micro-intervention projects are analysed to demonstrate their role in promoting cultural vitality and maintaining architectural integrity without the extensive construction typically associated with urban redevelopment. This research draws upon a longitudinal collaboration with the Beijing municipal goverment, incorporating insights from over 200 case studies since 2021. It reflects on the adaptability and effectiveness of Beijing's urban strategies. The findings suggest that Beijing's approach could serve as a model for sustainable urban transformation that other global cities facing similar developmental pressures might consider. This investigation offers a comprehensive insight into the potential of targeted, small- scale interventions to drive significant enhancements in urban sustainability and liveability. Keywords: Urban regeneration, micro-intervention, sustainable development, Beijing urban planning
Open Access
Large-scale urban development projects as a dilemma affecting the housing crisis. The case of Milano Porta Romana
(AESOP, 2024) Bortolotti, Alberto
This paper explores the linkages between housing studies and large-scale urban development projects through the lens of financialisation. Especially over the last three decades, global real estate finance massively hit local real estate markets, thus generating segregation, exclusion, and densification by commodifying housing as a financial asset class. Particularly, property financialisation has routed major projects into catalysts to extract capital gains from land value rather than levers to foster the right to housing and plan a 'just city'. Through the case of Milano Porta Romana, this paper shows how financialised schemes which are shaping such a large-scale urban regeneration project represent a dilemma for scholars, practitioners and politicians since, on the one hand, they produce home provision but, on the other hand, they rise up the housing costs without really tackling the housing unaffordability issue and these conditions affect the 'right to the city' for students, middle-class workers, and migrants. Keywords: financialisation, large-scale urban development projects, housing crisis; densification; Milano Porta Romana
Open Access
AESOP Congress 2024 - Approaching urban renewal through the lens of urban rent theory
(AESOP, 2024) Gali, Pauline
A major urban renewal policy has been implemented in France since the 2000s, bringing about extensive urban and social changes in vast social housing complexes built during the post-war period of massive construction. Drawing on an urban political economy framework, this paper analyses two French urban renewal projects as a commodification and a privatization of neighbourhoods that have been characterized for decades by a public or quasi-public land ownership and by non-market-oriented forms of management. I argue that under certain conditions, urban renewal may produce different types of urban rents, which are mostly appropriated by private stakeholders. This paper investigates the role of state and local governments in these processes to underline the existence of public strategies favouring the profitability of private housing development and the production of urban rents in these areas. Keywords : Rents, Urban Renewal, Social Housing, Commodification, France
Open Access
Public-private dialogue in the cultural reuse of historical and architectural heritage: the example of the Carmine Monastery in Italy
(AESOP, 2024) Garda, Emanuele; Rodeschini, Marta
The paper analyses the restoration process of the former Monastero del Carmine, a complex structure of historical value located in the city of Bergamo (Italy). Built after the 14th century, the Monastery experienced a long period of abandonment from the 18th century until the second half of the 20th century when the property was transferred to the Municipality. In the gradual recovery, the theatre company Teatro Tascabile di Bergamo (TTB) played a significant role. Important for the reuse process was the Special Public Private Partnership activated between the TTB and the Municipality, thanks to which a complex process of material and immaterial regeneration began. The paper presents a public heritage regeneration process highlighting the role of the actors involved and the technicaladministrative tool adopted. Keywords: Public-private Partnership; Abandoned place; Cultural Heritage; Restoration; Common good
Open Access
Fallacies and Revisions: Evaluation of Economic Benefits of Development Rights Transfer and Density Bonus -- 17th and 69th Neighborhoods in Shanghai Hongkou Historic Conservation Districts Regeneration as the Case
(AESOP, 2024) Jian, Zhou; Guangkun, Zhou; Jiaqi, Yao; Shuowei, Bian
Development rights transfer and density bonus (TDR&DB)are often vaguely and implicitly used as a financial compensation tool in historic conservation districts regeneration in Shanghai to compensate to achieve a comprehensive cost-benefit balance. However, this is a misinterpretation and deviation of the effect of TDR&DB. This paper takes the 17th and 69th neighborhoods in Hongkou District as an example, explains the constraints on the cost-benefit of the regeneration, analyzes the market mechanism of TDR&DB, and evaluates the economic benefits of TDR&DB in detail with the help of land value allocation rate method and revenue reduction method. The study concludes that: 1) local governments often have the false illusion of FAR when using TDR&DB, they should restrain their urge to increase FAR and restore the basic attributes of public interest orientation of TDR&DB. They should explore the shift from the land expropriation model to the rights conversion model to reduce the cost of urban regeneration; 2) the idea of cost-benefit balance has obscured the essence and value of TDR, the essence of the TDR is to realize the efficient utilization of overall spatial resources through the dynamic adjustment of development rights. This provides a new way for the introduction of this system into our country; 3) market players can obtain more economic benefits by using TDR&DB, and they should make more "special public contributions" for the regional development. It is suggested to introduce the concepts of "incentive coefficient" and "incentive amount" to accurately evaluate the "special public contributions"; 4) The TDR&DB should take into account their external effects on the surrounding areas, and further research should be conducted to quantify and evaluate the external effects of the receiving lots, so as to promote the practical application of TDR&DB. The above conclusions can provide useful references for constructing a sustainable urban regeneration mechanism in China. Key Words: Development rights transfer and density bonus (TDR&DB), Evaluation of Economic Benefits, Economic calculations, historic conservation districts, Market mechanism, Urban regeneration
Open Access
A Framework for Analysing Physical Form Outcomes of Value Capture Paths of Regeneration Projects in Residential Historic Areas
(AESOP, 2024) Zhiyu, Pang
This study develops a framework to analyse the impact of value capture paths on physical form outcomes in residential historic area regeneration projects. The framework, using four independent variables: adjusting property rights, changing use, increasing intensity, and improving quality, and five dependent variables: plot form, building type, number of building floors, building density, and setback distance, is applied to the XIAOXIHU historic area in Nanjing, China. The findings reveal that the same planning control conditions can yield different spatial form outcomes, largely explained by value capture paths. The framework is informative for both planning and policy design. Keywords: Value Capture, Physical Form, Residential Historic Area, Regeneration Project residential historic areas
Open Access
Navigating complexity: Exploring land planning and management challenges in Morocco
(AESOP, 2024) Benkirane, Sara
This paper investigates the complexities of land management in Morocco, highlighting the shortcomings of its land tenure system and the challenges stemming from planning techniques. It examines the legal, institutional, and operational frameworks, revealing how limited consideration of land characteristics in planning processes leads to significant implementation constraints. The analysis addresses governance issues, land programming across multiple levels-national sectoral, strategic territorial, and urban-and the financial and legislative obstacles to land mobilisation. Additionally, this paper assesses the current urban policy to underscore the gaps in land resource optimisation. Finally, it identifies sustainable land use practices and proposes strategies for revitalising land management in Morocco, grounded in international standards and best practices. Key words: Land governance, planning processes, urban policy.
Open Access
Can Transferable Development Rights be Applied in the Chinese Context? A Comparative Study between China and the United States
(AESOP, 2024) Wang, Li; Zhang, Xuchen
Transferable development right (TDR) is an innovative land management tool created under zoning system in the United States and widely applied in the preservation of historical buildings and natural resources. Chinese scholars have introduced it and conducted extensive research, advocating for the establishment of a trading market for land development rights. However, there are significant misunderstandings that need clarification. Firstly, In China's property rights system, "development rights" is implicitly included within the "land use rights" specified in the Civil Code. Secondly, China's quotas-trading between governments differs from the TDR system in the United States, where land development rights are traded among private landowners. Additionally, the transfer of floor area ratio (FAR) between land users does not hold practical significance in the Chinese context. Keywords: TDR, FAR, land use control, property rights