2019 Planning for Transition, Venice 9-13th July
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Publication Open Access The mapping of historical streets on social media: a case study based on image recognition and semantic recognition(AESOP, 2019) Tang, Haoming; Wang, WeiqiangIn the age of social media, the interaction of online and offline activities has produced a more diverse form of interaction between people and space. Weibo is the largest social media in China, where users share their insights by uploading photos and text. Historical streets carry important urban cultural imprint while its protection is facing the problem of enhancing attractiveness under the rapidly urban development. This study collected the Baidu Street View image and geo-tag Weibo photo of Hengfu historic conservation. Images were recognized through the machine learning algorithm, in order to realize the accurate measurement of the image elements. Building and greenery were the focus of attention of the crowd, and some streets have improved people's contact with greening through the design of vertical greening. Second, we combined the campaign of the hot events such as ' Leave fallen leaves' in social media, with the semantic recognition of the text of users ' Weibo. This paper analyze how the streets interacted with the online crowd with the help of social media, and analyze why some streets are more attractive while others lack attention and record, and put forward suggestions for urban design of historical street in future.Publication Open Access Co-creating collective imagination. How to produce thought-images for urban reframing?(AESOP, 2019) Schreurs, JanThis paper situates epistemological challenges of community-based practices and social innovation research within the perspective of urban transitions. It explores characteristics of innovative, contextualized and generative planning stories. Insights about transformative imaginaries are distilled from an explorative case of reframing urban challenges by thought-images. Planning – as a critical discipline co-creating and supporting explorative paths towards a sustainable future – cares about approaches that can deal with community building for change. This implies an expanded language of planning. Decisive dimensions and characteristics of such a language, and how to build it, can be learned from ‘concept grants’ serving urban policy in Flanders. These grants serve multidisciplinary teams to reframe inchoate situations conceptually, to root those concepts into ongoing and new local processes, and to prepare for implementation. Collective re-framing makes stakeholders ‘see’ the potentials of a unique situation. They can feel how new collaborative coalitions can lead to effective change. They can imagine a different future and the capacities needed to bring it into reach. They incorporate imaging a thought-image while collectively creating, testing, refining and actualizing it.Item Open Access Towards comprehensive and integrated land management practices in Albania : How can the new paradigmatic shift in land use planning and growth management foster a positive impact on local finances and the tax base? The case of Municipality of Tirana(AESOP, 2019) Dhrami, Kejt; Imami, FionaThis research draws upon the array of changes that have occurred in the spatial planning system in Albania over the last decade, and examines possible impacts at local level, namely on the financial situation of local governments. The research is conducted in two inter-relational directions: firstly, it tackles the possible impact of land use changes and tools that determine the change patterns, on taxation and local budgets; and secondly, it analyses the strategies used to address urban growth, through development indicators, principles, etc. and assesses their possible influence on the tax base. These aspects are analyzed for the municipality of Tirana, which has the highest development rate and financial growth in the country; and are anchored to the current planning document in place: the General Local Territorial Plan (GLTP) of Tirana, for the period 2016-2030. The research contributes to the overall discussion on the relevance of local planning instruments, with respect to improving the tax base, the fiscal autonomy of local governances, the provision of services, the urban growth in terms of sprawl or densification, and the prioritization of investment projects. Methodologically, the research is based both on desk review of land use planning theories; current planning legislation and documents in Albania, and local finance studies; as well as sample studies of specific spatial typologies in the city of Tirana, and their development scenarios in relation to the proposed land use changes and development indicators, in terms of tax revenues. This research, albeit not exhaustive, draws conclusions on the real potential of using land development instruments to induce growth in local financial capacities, both through property tax, and other taxes that are related to land and property.Item Open Access Museum of London - a City Museum in Transition(AESOP, 2019) Hebbert, MichaelThe Museum of London (MoL) is one of the world's largest and best-curated collections. It was formed fifty years ago from the merger of two rivals: the archaeologically oriented Guildhall Museum, representing the antiquarian harvest from intensification of the central business district, which coincides with London's ancient core municipality; and the London Museum, metropolitan in scope, eclectic in its collections, oriented towards the scale and diversity of the modern city. From its formation MoL has sought to combine and reconcile these strands, making it - as IUAV expert Prof Donatella Calabi notes - a seminal example of a modern city museum. MoL's purpose-built home in the architecturally famous Barbican complex suffers from a fatal defect. Its entrance on an elevated deck is inaccessible, limiting visitor numbers. After several unsuccessful attempts to open up ground-level access, the museum has decided to relocate. MoL seized the opportunity to acquire two halls formerly belonging the wholesale meat market at Smithfield, in a prime visitor location close to the massively enlarged railway station at Farringdon, meeting point of London's north-south and east-west Crossrail routes. The new premises combine spacious ground levels under high domed roofs with deep cellars intended for cold storage of meat. Plans for the transition are well advanced with MoL scheduled to reopen its doors in 2023 The paper discusses the challenge of relocating the Museum from a purpose-built modernist structure on an elevated deck, to buildings that are larger and older, with street access from all sides; and the consequent choices for organisation and presentation of the collections. We see how those basic questions of urban museology which fuelled the rivalry between Guildhall and London collections a hundred years ago continue to exercise the MoL’s curators today.Publication Open Access Housing deficit and housing opportunities: implementing collective ownership in the centre of São Paulo, Brazil. The case of FICA fund(AESOP, 2019) Pioletti, Maurizio; Cymbalista, RenatoIn the centre of São Paulo, numerous people are excluded from the legal formal housing market, because of too high rent prices in proportion to average salaries. In fact, the speculation on housing prices is widespread, determining unsustainable rent prices for poor and lower-middle classes, who often must live in peripheries while working in the centre, and suffer from long daily commuting. Exclusion from housing market firstly regards the lowest income people, but they need comprehensive social support, and not just an adjustment of the proportion salary/rent, to improve their living conditions. Nevertheless, it is possible to invert this trend thanks to non-profit initiatives of collective ownership. In fact, in 2015, in São Paulo a citizens’ formal association created the Community Real Estate Fund for rent. It is legally able to collect donations in cash and in real estate, buy and refurbish an apartment, and rent it to people at risk of exclusion. Throughout further donations and an economically sustainable, but equal financial management, the Fund will be able to buy other apartments and rent them to other people. Assuming a community-based approach to private property, private interests can be replaced by non-profit ownership, providing accessible houses to the members of the community. Rent prices can be defined with respect to the minimum salary, and so, not overcoming a critical threshold, including more people in the housing market.Item Open Access Negotiated Public: Investigating the Streetscape of Beijing’s Old City(AESOP, 2019) Sun, WenwenThe emergence of conflictual practices in the street life of Beijing’s old city has challenged the conventional use of the concepts of public and private in the design of public space. This paper proposes a novel way of reading and understanding the street as a public realm under negotiation by exploring the controversial and conflicting spatial practices and ambiguous social expressions of a traditional type of street in Beijing, namely the hutong. It argues that the street is best understood as a dynamic public realm negotiated through common agreement, spatial conflict, and ephemeral intervention. This argument hopes to open discussions towards a more localised and comprehensive understanding of public space in Chinese cities.Item Open Access Along the river Cormor, re-linking landscapes and public facilities in the region Friuli Venezia(AESOP, 2019) Cigalotto, Gulia Paola; Marchigiani, ElenaIn Italy, the drawing of policies for an Urban Agenda has only recently re-gained attention on the national level. However, while the discussion still focuses on metropolitan and inland urban contexts concerned by major transformations or abandonment trends, the ordinary framework of small and medium cities and villages – building the most of Italian territories – tends to remain at the background. These situations prevail in Friuli Venezia Giulia, where the 71% of Municipalities count less than 5.000 inhabitants. Many urban centres stand nearby the system of rivers, which structures a variety of landscapes from the mountains to the sea. Since the 2000s, a number of Municipalities from the valley of the river Cormor have started re-thinking their economies, taking slow mobility as the driver for sustainable tourism. With the support of a citizens’ Association, they are now working on a River Contract, a non-compulsory tool for the participatory construction of strategic/planning instruments combining environmental protection with sustainable local development. This is the context of the activities that the Master Course in Architecture of the University of Trieste has recently carried out in collaboration with local stakeholders. The design of the southern extension of a horse and cycle track along the river gave the opportunity to re-frame the issue of tourism in a larger planning perspective, aimed at enhancing the relations between the river, and the small/medium urban centres it goes through. Results offer new planning visions that: interpret the Cormor as the spine of a network of ecological services; foster the reuse and re-connection of existing public facilities; re-define the topic of ‘slow tourism’ according to the specific characters and lifestyles of these contexts.Item Open Access Alternative discourse and narratives for institutional change in transport planning(AESOP, 2019) Imran, MuhammadMega transport infrastructure is increasingly resisted by local communities throughout the world. Community resistance becomes successful if alternative discourses and narratives have been developed and linked with a wide range of like-minded actors and are advanced during the transport planning process. This paper explores discourses argued and presented by various stakeholders to advance and resist the Basin Reserve Bridge (BRB) proposal in Wellington, New Zealand as a part of the Roads of National Significance (RoNS). This paper critically reviews planning and policy documents, media reports and submissions to uncover distinctive arguments and narratives within five main storylines: economic storylines, safety storylines, environmental storylines, traffic and access storylines, and heritage storylines. The influence of discourses is discussed at political, institutional and social levels to provide a greater understanding of community resistance. This paper concludes that alternative discourse has the potential to break a path dependency in transport planning and create a foundation for a new policy path.Item Open Access An On Demand Transport in a Low Density Region of Portugal - Alentejo(AESOP, 2019) Carvalheira, CarmenMobility and accessibility to services in low density areas is a concern of municipal management policies in the Alentejo. Alentejo is the least populated region in the country, representing over one third of national territory but only 7.1% of its population. It is also the region with the oldest population, 22.9% being 65 years of age or more (while the national average is 17.5%). The CCDRA (Coordination Commission of Alentejo) has proposed, working with the municipalities, to model an on-demand-transport, based on a suitable selection of route centres and itineraries, with the objective of increasing coverage of the existing public transport network (providing an offer in areas and / or periods of the day or year where this offer does not exist or is in deficit). The project will start soon with five municipalities and, in a second phase all the remaining 40 municipalities can be added according to their will. In a first stage, routes, schedules and frequencies are established depending on health needs, supply needs, weekly markets, access to administrative and financial services or for linking with other means of transportation, and serving mainly elderly people living in distant places not served by public transport. Vehicles only make the routes if, in advance, the service has been requested and only go to the stops that have reservations.Item Open Access When constraints become assets in the design of bluegreen infrastructures: an insight from two cases in the Western part of France (Loire River Basin)(AESOP, 2019) Fournier, Marie; Bonnefond, MathieuOur presentation focuses on two recent projects of blue-green infrastructures located in the very heart of French middle-size cities in the Western part of France, in the Loire river basin (the Ile aux Planches in Le Mans and the Parc Balzac in Angers). They constitute good illustrations of recent and innovative approaches in the design of blue-green infrastructures. In the two cases, it is interesting to point out the major challenges that planners had to face. First, innovative solutions have been found to overcome technical difficulties (flood-prone areas, brownfield sites, heavy pollution and so on). Second, planners also had to address local conflicts during the definition and implementation of those projects. At last, we point out how those various constraints have been mainly turned into assets and synergies to design multifunctional blue-green infrastructures.Publication Open Access Sense of ownership: Application of Participatory Action Research to a Cultural Ecosystem Valuation Process(AESOP, 2019) Fatourehchi Shabestari, Akram; Ruth van Roon, MarjorieDespite the importance of cultural ecosystem services in decision-making processes, the application of an appropriate methodology for valuation of cultural ecosystem services among communities with the same and common cultural values has been underestimated. This has become a challenge for urban planners, social and environmental groups and other stakeholders. Urban development projects have a great impact on ecosystem services that are of fundamental importance to communities. As a growing population demands more space for ambitious urban projects, these demands present substantial challenges to urban ecosystems particularly in areas with crucial environmental, and cultural values. The concept of ecosystem services contributes to a better understanding of the values people attach to nature, based on how they can benefit from the ecosystem services. This provides us with an applicable framework for the investigation into the importance of ecosystem services in human life well-being, enhancing dynamic social and cultural relations as a prominent basis for planning and management. Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are included in basic categories by presenting some important explanations for the necessity of an ecosystem framework. The values defined as cultural values have been elusive in part due to their complicated characteristics of intangibility and incommensurability in a valuation process. A lack of appropriate methodology and tool for valuation of CES has resulted in underestimating these values in the decision-making procedure. This paper firstly investigates CES and Participatory Action Research (PAR) as a possible valuation tool. Secondly, because of the importance of potential participation within the procedure, it investigates a sense of ownership that might result from PAR. Thus, the process aims to explore why this participatory-based approach can be defined as a reasonable tool for cultural ecosytem valuation by giving local people a greater knowledge of cultural values, and in-depth awareness of the consequences of socio-environmental actions in planningItem Open Access Assessing territorial vulnerabilities and spatial inequalities: the case of Portugal(AESOP, 2019) Sá Marques, Teresa; Saraiva, Miguel; Loureiro de Matos, Fátima; Maia, Catarina; Ribeiro, Diogo; Ferreira, Márcio; Amante, AnaThe economic crisis of the past decade has exacerbated existing vulnerability problems in Europe, particularly in the southern countries. These relate to unemployment, poverty, housing conditions, access to basic services or insecurity issues, among others, and have affected particular groups as migrant or the elderly. Although the increase in quality of life is a transversal goal to cohesion and urban policies, the effects of vulnerability have only recently begun to be documented in scientific research. Generally, comparative vulnerabilities’ assessments are based on limited (often economic) indicators or, if they are more comprehensive, on a limited territorial scale. Thus, they don’t perform holistic analysis at national scale, nor comprehensive regional/municipal comparisons. Consequently, this paper presents a multivariate diagnosis of vulnerabilities at national scale, considering an array of indicators of quality of life in various domains as housing, health, accessibility, education, security or employment. Each indicator was geo-referenced and represented at municipal level, leading to the creation of indexes of vulnerability for each theme. An overall index of vulnerability combining all parcels was then composed through advanced statistical analyses’ techniques. More than displaying territorial differences, this approach allows discussing different geographical realities within Portugal, and provide outputs for supporting planning policies concerning integration, social cohesion, urban equity, and the development of urban systems.Item Open Access Using value-added hierarchy method to analyze industrial spatial pattern in the background of economic transition - a case of Guanzhong plain urban cluster in China(AESOP, 2019) Wang, XueYan; Zhou, YeYuanThe "Belt and Road" strategy shoulders the important mission of promoting economic transition among nations and regions. The Guanzhong Plain urban cluster, located in the inland center of China, is an important gateway to the western region. The industrial division of Guanzhong Plain urban cluster will be conducive to further promoting the economic network along the "Belt and Road". In 2018, the "Guanzhong Plain Urban Cluster Development Plan (2017-2035)" and the implementation plans of three provinces were compiled to define the industrial division mainly based on the geographical proximity. This paper probes into the rationality of industrial spatial pattern of Guanzhong Plain urban cluster in the perspective of urban division and cooperation. By the statistical data of 11 cities related in the Guanzhong Plain urban cluster in 2017, the research divides all cities into five categories by using the method of value-added hierarchy, reveals the characteristics of industrial spatial pattern, and compares the industrial policies and position defined in the relevant plans. The result finds that the planning does not take the current advantages of industries and urban characteristics into account. Based on this, the paper put forward some optimization suggestions to coordinate development and promote the economic construction.Item Open Access Emerging Places of Social Innovation (POSI). The co-production of space between multilevel stakeholders: the case of productive urban green infrastructure(AESOP, 2019) Ardill, Nicholas; Lemes de Oliveira, FabianoSocial innovation is recurrently positioned as an important collaborative element in helping cities to transition and address human needs and societal challenges for the health, wellbeing and welfare of citizens. To address a call for more sector-specific research on the spatiality of social innovation and further understanding of the process dimension of social innovation, this article presents a conceptual framework of the process of socio-spatial innovation. By combining social innovation insight from process theories and urban spaces discourse the article indicates that sociospatial innovation in the co-production of space can be grouped into four major processes: 1) Identification of human need or societal challenges to sustainable development; 2) Development of social relations in systems or structures; 3) Provision of opportunity for social empowerment; 4) Reflection of socio-spatial development practice. Applying this framework, the article examines how the case of productive green infrastructure emerges in the urban landscape as a Place of Social Innovation (POSI). The framework draws attention to the significance of partnership working and intermediation activities to improve access to urban spaces to contribute to socio-spatial justice and healthy orientated urban environments.Item Open Access Urban Regeneration and (over) tourism in China: Exploring Alternative Tracks in Suzhou’s Historic Centre(AESOP, 2019) Nolf, Christian; Wang, Yiwen; Liu, MengchuanThe booming development of cultural tourism in China has a significant impact on historic cities. While offering favorable opportunities for urban regeneration, tourism also poses a direct threat to the quality of life and the authenticity of urban cultures. This paper takes the historic center of Suzhou as an illustrative case to explore how alternative, spatially decentralized and timedistributed forms of tourism can contribute to the long-term and sustainable regeneration of historic cities and benefit local communities. Through conducting a design investigation of Suzhou, this research explores in particular the role of urban planning and design in aligning tourism development and urban regeneration agendas. The exploration reveals that, as opposed to exclusive and reductive city branding practice, a diversification of the tourism offer can multiply the distinctive identities of Suzhou’s historic city and contribute to its regeneration. It also advocates the potential role of urban design as an instrument of exploration and mediation in heritage-led regeneration projects in China.Publication Open Access Flood Can Miami learn from Venice (or the opposite)(AESOP, 2019) Washer, ChristopheOn the one hand, “la Serenissima”, a millenary city, which saw its heyday between XIII and XV centuries. On the other “the Magic City”, famous for leisure and pleasure, born in the late nineteenth century from the encounter of two American pioneers. Apparently, they have nothing in common. Yet they share a lot in common. They are both situated in lagoon areas. They rely heavily on tourism and port activity for their economy. And, they find themselves at the frontline of climate change. Venice has always been confronted to flooding, but this condition has been worsening, due to over extraction from aquifers, which caused the city to subside, and to sea level rise. In contrast, flooding isn’t part of Miamians’ culture and tradition. In recent years, however, with climate change bringing about higher rainfalls and storm surges, and causing sea level to rise, Miami has been experiencing more and more floods. Both cities are now highly jeopardised. After developing on the differences and similarities between Venice and Miami, this article proposes to investigate what answers these cities come with to address climate change effects, and to question what they could learn from each other.Publication Open Access Entrepreneurial Neighborhood Planning Based on Multi-Stakeholders Co-Creation(AESOP, 2019) Jiang, Chenhan; Li, ChenRecently, promoting the transformation of old residential neighborhoods from living areas into vibrant communities becomes a new topic in the urban planning field. Researchers and practitioners explored top-down and bottom-up social innovation approaches like community-based planning to converge creative talents, activate entrepreneurial opportunities and renew such areas. However, there are still some confusion about mechanisms or methods to facilitate various roles of participators forming creative neighborhood for collaboration. In response to the problem, this study proposes the research question is how to plan and design entrepreneurial neighborhood based on locality and the contributions from multi-stakeholder collaborations. Action Research (AR) is the main research method in this study, research findings could be put forward through the framework which combines the typical AR cycle and localized context: 1) Problem formulation based on related works; 2) Investigation including expert interview, participatory observation, and environmental quality data; 3) Implementation and actions based on the case of NICE 2035 Living Line. 4) Reflection and iteration for theoretical outputs through feedbacks analysis like participators satisfaction, built space assessment or environmental experience; 5) Conclusion which responds research questions mentioned above.Publication Open Access The governance of the circular economy: insights from the Veneto Region(AESOP, 2019) Church, Jon Marco; Lucertini, Giulia; Bellinato, Giacomo; Guolo, Erika; Pizzo, Giovanna; Bonomini, GiuliaOver the last decade, the notion of circular economy progressively emerged all over Europe. It can be defined as “the reducing, reusing and recycling activities conducted in the process of production, circulation and consumption” (Ghisellini, Cialani, & Ulgiati, 2016), but also as “a system that is designed to be restorative and regenerative” (Charonis, 2012). It is a popular approach towards green economy and sustainability (Geissdoerfer, Savaget, Bocken, & Hultink, 2017). Circular economy systems are being developed in many countries and contexts, particularly China. There is a growing literature on the various dimensions of the circular economy from many disciplinary perspectives, including planning (Murray, Skene, & Haynes, 2017). However, little attention has been paid to its governance. What is the impact of some variables related to governance, such as actors, actor configurations, collective action, policy instruments, compliance processes, as well as institutional levels and policy sectors, on the development of the circular economy? Are some of these variables more important than others? Through which causal mechanisms do they intervene? To answer these questions, we analyze four cases from the Veneto Region in the materials, building, food and textile sectors. Unlike most of the literature, instead of focusing on the peculiarities of each case, we chose to focus on what they have in common and the interaction of these key variables with the planning and institutional system. The insights were collected through participant observation in the framework of a transdisciplinary collaborative research project.Publication Open Access Public participation in the community planning in China(AESOP, 2019) Jia Shuqian; Cao KangIn the 1980s, Chinese scholars in the field of planning began to introduce the theory and experience of Western public participation to China, and meanwhile carried out the practices. After 30 years' development, public participation in Chinese planning is involved in macro --, meso --, and micro levels of planning, namely urban comprehensive planning, control detailed planning, and community planning. Furthermore, more and more attention is paid to the micro level community planning.Item Open Access Emerging New Model of Urban Residential Historical Built-up Area Renewal in China:Five Practice of Urban Renewal in Shenzhen,Guangzhou and Shanghai(AESOP, 2019) Jiayu, Long; Gang, LiuChina's urban development need to seek a new path, with the putting forward of inventory planning and the deepening understanding of heritage. In this context, a number of cities begin to explore new models of urban development based on the requirements of heritage protection and the demand of old district transformation. The problem is, are these new models balanced, harmonized and sustainable? Shenzhen,Guangzhou and Shanghai are all in the transition after the rapid urban development. "Urban village" in Shenzhen is a kind of old residential area derive from village bypassed by urbanization due to high cost. "The historic and cultural blocks" in Guangzhou face the dilemma stem from the original demolition model. "Lilong house block" shaped up in modernization as a type of grouped residential buildings in Shanghai, facing the high-intensity use. These three kinds of residential historical built-up areas are in urgent need of a new round of urban renewal. Based on this background, Shuiwei village and Yutian village in Shenzhen, Yongqing Lane in Guangzhou, Chunyangli and Chengxingli in Shanghai, these five historic residential built-up areas renewal project , with the goal of heritage protection, livelihood improvement and urban development, take the new models with multi-subject participation, urban space restoration, construction retention, and new functions placement. However, its occurrence mechanism, participants, and results are different due to its own characteristics and local urban renewal laws. This paper analyzes the advantages and limitations of these five models by comparing the background, the characteristics of the objects, the target positioning, the mechanism of occurrence, the operation mode, the results and follow-up works. Then study its rationality and adaptability, hope to provide a basis for the exploration of the future renewal mode of better residential historical blocks.