2015 Definite Space – Fuzzy Responsibility, Prague, 13-16th July
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Publication Open Access Environmental Friendly Planning Practices Implemented in China's Ultra High-Rise Structures Planning & Implemental Process of 606meters" Wuhan Greenland Centre, China(AESOP, 2015) Pei Tak, Seak; Nan Kai, XiaWith China's fast economic development in the past decade, China now has more than 350 over 200 meters high-rise buildings and seven of them are in the present highest skyscrapers. Ultra high-rise building projects plays an important role in economic growth of China as the urban area development space is becoming more limited and also other resources. Ultra-high-rise buildings are the substantial and spiritual symbol for the region which can push forward development of different areas. Therefore, with the development of information technologies used in fields in urban planning, architectural design and property management, problems like safety, cost, energy saving, and optimization of the structure have been continually thrown out and focused by world's leading experts. Wuhan Greenland Center (606 meters height), the 2nd tallest structure in China and 4th in the world. The 300,000 m2 urban complex consists of cultural spots, residential apartment, hotel, offices, shopping center and tertiary sectors like finance, creative studio, etc. The project aims to generate a new city sub-centre as well as the revitalization of this area. And being a key participant in the Wuhan Greenland Center project, this article will share details during the pre-stages of decision making, site selection, environmental evaluation and social economic effects, functional compound, etc. By the means of modern information technologies and cutting-edge tools, which benefits in settle the public needs and shorten the processing period.Publication Open Access Eco-intelligent Technology Integrated Planning—Application of ZZAEPZ General Planning(AESOP, 2015) Xiaoming, Kuang; Xueyuan, Deng; Lu, WangSince Ecological City was clearly put forward by UNESCO in the “Man and the Biosphere” plan in 1971, the thought of harmonious development of man and environment has gradually won support among the people. The countries of the world are carrying out Ecological City planning and construction practice one after another. However, “Ecology” was defined as minimum damage to nature (Register, 1982) in the 20 and to the urban metabolism The theory of urban metabolism turns from the ecological-system perspective to research perspective centering on human activities. The theory of urban metabolism researches urban social economic activities, and the flow of material and energy in the regional and global biogeochemical process. The century, which was far from enough for the future development of city. An ecological city in the future will not be the enemy of the nature, instead it should be blessed by the nature and become the doctor and friend of the destroyed nature. The ecological city in the future is a positive ecological city, which is not to consume the ecology but to supply the ecology. In the city level, it includes such concepts as increasing green area, cold islands, capacity and water purification (Wu Zhiqiang, 2004). The positive ecological city is supported by green and ecological technology.Publication Open Access Technology, information and actors: making smart cities sustainable: exploring attitudes of South Korea’s smart city practitioners using Q methodology(AESOP, 2015) Kim, Joon SikWith regard to the applications of intelligent technologies in urban development, the concept of smart cities has spread widely and been applied to many empirical projects around the globe. In recent years, smart cities have employed the notions of the sustainable urban development with a great concern on global climate change. Although the current smart sustainable city model has particularly emphasised on energy optimisation and low-carbon management, the sustainability strategy of smart cities should go beyond the technological aspects of intelligent solutions. In order to address this emerging issue, planners have faced the complex challenge of how to develop smart cities in a wider sustainability context considering the city’s economic dynamics, social di complexity. This research draws attention to perspectives and attitudes of the practitioners in association with sustainable strategies in the development process of smart cities, and Q methodology has been used for this purpose. To define the wider range of issues under study, the research explores lessons-learnt from the context of long-standing debates around collaborative planning practice towards sustainable urban development. Relevant stakeholders for Q analysis have been identified using author’s earlier contacts and snowball-sampling technique. The research aims to demonstrate an overview of the subjective perspectives and attitudes on sustainability in the smart city development, especially from the standing point of the observed practitioners. The results may show how the smart city practitioners interact with very controversial and complex issues on environmentally-sustainable development in South Korea and around the world.Publication Open Access Connecting the smart city parts(AESOP, 2015) Hojda, AlexandreSmart City is the sum of the parts that involve technologies, information and actors. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are given great prominence, but are only one of the parties to the smart cities’ development (non-exclusive, nor the most relevant). The information needs to be dynamic, available, with quality and organized, to be better offered and demanded. Finally, the actors, whether government, private or civil society are extremely importance for the realization of smart city. ICTs are essential, but the investment in human capital must occur for the smart city success. Perhaps this is a gap in the literature (and in practice) of smart cities, since, for the actor to act properly, this should be trained and encouraged in the actors relationship, with trust an unpreparedness, ignorance and discouraging of the actors involved can lead to a negative scenario of disinterest, discontinuity and, finally, make every project "smart city" lose its ability to integrate, to act and to contribute. The aim of this study is to analyze the smart cities as the result of the group from different parts: technology, information and actors, because, above all, the latter is often "placed in the background" when talking about smart city.Publication Open Access Qualitative GIS and social justice in the urban management(AESOP, 2015) Giannola, ElenaMulticulturalism and multi-ethnicity are increasingly transforming European cities: in this complexity, making right policies to guarantee the social justice and the quality of life is really difficult. More generally it’s an ethical problem. Society isn.t uniform, and to safeguard the multiple giving all the citizens (women, children, strangers, young or old people) the same rights, we must change the way of making knowledge. Planners should adopt mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) to analyse the urban context, and also representations should include all points of view, through new mapping systems. Traditional maps could be integrated with new typologies of drawings, like mental maps or similar, to be more inclusive and more representative of the reality. ICT and digital mapping systems like Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can represent a valid support for this new geographical vision: for example, touch screen devices could be used in the participatory processes to draw collective digital maps, as an interactive document for the local governments and for planners. The citizens. needs can be expressed with the map’s language, as well as the decisions are drawn on the master plan. International researches about this theme have produced some interesting experiences of qualitative GIS, forced the traditional instrument’s limits, using mixed met multi-level interpretation of spatial context. In this way it’s possible to build image, influencing the spatial perception and the hypothesis of future about the urban and regional development.Publication Open Access Flood recovery in the social media era.an assessment of social network information in building social flood resilience(AESOP, 2015) Esposito, Angela; Piccolo, Giustino EmilioIn the face of the social technological revolution the sharing of information has led cities evolving towards always more complex systems. Social media have indeed a strong capacity of connecting people, and several urban self-organized initiatives have been emerging from virtual communities impacting on urban activities organisation. By enhancing communication opportunities, social media could be taken into account to improve urban planning decision making processes, and so they can also play a significant role in flood risk management. In dealing with urban flooding it is important to know how quickly and efficiently a city can recover from a flood event. Before the event, social media can help increasing awareness by enabling wider risk communication. During and after the calamity, creating easily accessible information sharing platforms, social media are able to increase the disaster recovery capacity of the affected urban system, as a sort of social recovery rate. Many sets of indicators have been proposed in the literature analysing the social perspective of flood vulnerability and urban resilience. Nevertheless, in these it is not easy to include the impact of using social media coping with floods. In June 2013 during the flood of the river Elbe, citizens of Dresden (Germany) created a spontaneous Facebook network to require offer aids and assistance. Building on the experience, we propose a methodological approach aiming at evaluating how the use of social media can affect social flood resilience, and in this way assessing the effectively social function of the media.Publication Open Access Geo-ICT services in spatial planning: defining a contextual framework for operationalising public land policy(AESOP, 2015) Elisei, Pietro; Cînța, Wendy Laura; Cocheci, Radu-MateiFragmented, inefficient institutional arrangements, layered on top of the weak reliability of statistical information across both the developed and developing world, and the subsequent low degree of awareness concerning the management of public property / public land rule out the effectiveness of traditional planning instruments. To what extent may a Planning System incorporate geo-ICT (geographic Information Communication Technology) services to the mutual benefit of the planning profession, communities and policy-makers in their attempt to optimize the development processes? An open and responsive government seems more likely to encourage an aggregated view of new planning models rather than obstructing them, subsequently propelling effective public service delivery. The contemporary ICT era triggers the need for master planning as a dynamic collaborative process / output, allowing on the integration of end-user requirements through means of a crowdsourced inflow of data, having thus modelled the pre-existing regulatory planning framework. Through this paper, we aim to define a possible framework for connecting ICT models with normative and strategic planning processes at local level, starting from a comparison between different EU planning systems and how geo-data can be used in both facilitating the implementation of planning regulations and building local governance capacity. Addressing the challenges and inconsistencies of spatial planning norms in relation to the real-time developments / evolutionary trends, by mapping the gaps between different planning levels, may pave the way for geo-ICT services as innovative binder between the co-dependencies generated at various planning scales.Publication Open Access From Victims to Sensors: An Overview of PPGIS Applications in Emergency Planning and Management(AESOP, 2015) Chang, Hsiu-Tzu; Chen, I-HsinThe term public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) was born National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA), meaning to bring GIS technology to a local level in order to increase the data access and allow stakeholders to participate in the knowledge building and decision making process. With the growing popularity of personal computers and electronic personal devises, the contribution from public via the internet has also grown significantly based on the appearance of volunteered geography information (VGI). With the lack of immediate authoritative data, it has applied increasingly to emergency response as citizen became the sensors to report the unknown situations at the disaster area. With the growing amount of sensing and new information source, to what extent PPGIS has engaged in the planning process and changed the ways we defined data and knowledge in emergency planning and management is the core inquiry of this research. This paper takes an overview of the development of PPGIS applications in emergency management mostly in the United States, identifying its roles and functions in the four steps of emergency management mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery- in relationship to types of disaster and level of participation. A classification of PPGIS applications in emergency management is established through reviews of existing literatures, professional magazines and websites. This paper will facilitate further understanding of PPGIS, its trend, and identify new possibility in emergency management from the perspective of spatial planning discipline.Publication Open Access The Role of User-Generated Emotion Data and their Optimized Visualization for Planning Decision-Making(AESOP, 2015) Sebastian Bergner, Benjamin; Steffen, DanielWith the rise of wearable technologies in the field of ambulatory assessment and commercial body monitoring products, the human being itself becomes a sensor of its immediate environment. In particular, user-generated vital data allows to draw conclusions from people’s emotions at every time and everywhere. This fact poses the question to what extent this data can be used for planning decision making. For decades, ambulatory assessment methods have been used to identify humans’ emotions linked to distinctive stimuli. The research is mostly done in laboratories under controlled conditions. Knowledge transfer to real world applications is still rare due to many uncontrollable environmental issues. Psychophysiological monitoring, however, shows high potential of transferability to real-world studies. If this user-generated emotion data is to be used for planning decision processes, many challenges have to be met: a) providing valid physiological, geo-referenced data in a real-world environment, b) preparing and processing data for following analyses, c) joining individual and environmental meta data, d) optimizing emerging visualizations and identifying emotional stimuli as basis for planning decision-making. The research at hand confronts these challenges, exemplified by a case study in the field of urban safety and security. It aims at identifying stress eliciting stimuli during an open air event. The methodical approach comprises physiological data collection and analyses, standardized questionnaires of stress experience and event perception, subjective self-assessments and spatial analyses of the surroundings as well as the combination of the results in different GIS-based visualization techniques.Publication Open Access How the Dark Tourism Development Effect on Post-Disaster Reconstruction - the Case Study(AESOP, 2015) Zhong, Yue; Feng, JiaAfter catastrophe, sites and relics in disaster-hit areas usually develops mode and provides many opportunities for the local government to improve economic development employment and to solve other problems there. However, as national large-scale r and private donations decrease gradually, social concerns for disasters reduce the sustainability of reconstruction will be faced with challenges. This article Country, which is the epicenter of the "5.12 Earthquake" happened in Sichuan P 2008 as a case study. The author discusses the dark tourism development one of the ma planned after the catastrophe and its effect on local urban and rural dev structure and government policies based on the literature review, statistics data as field research. The article focuses on the changes of mainstream culture relations, the correlation of development of tourism and other local industries, in the development process of tourism which due to the cultural background a psychological characteristic, etc. This article tries to clarify the role of place development, provide the basis for planners to deal with the problem faced Wenchuan correctly, and provide reference for other disaster-hit areas development.Publication Open Access Fall of Traditional Settlements and Countermeasures of Contemporary Planning(AESOP, 2015) Zhang, Ziying; Ou, Jingzhu; Tong, MingOver the past three decades. modernization in China, the traditional settlement precious resources of both culture heritage and tourism have increasingly gained favor of tourism and entertainment. Consequently, the settlements gained profit for its resident while faced with a conflict from three aspects. First, contradiction between the residents. demand for modern and authentic feature continuation; second, contradiction between tourism’s demand and authentic feature continuation; thirdly, the authentic feature have to remain as exactly the core value and sustainable dynamics of this area. Therefore, planning have to consider an approach balancing resource conservation, economic development and living conditions improvement. The paper takes a comprehensive view of the development trend taking the traditional settlements in the Ancient Huizhou Area as an example, trying to build the framework for the traditional settlements preservation that well balances the three aspects mentioned and guide further projects. Framework building is based on careful investigation in which summarizes the central features and typology along with the all the settlements' layout database. Then the settlements are classified by their historical value to differentiate the preservation strategies guaranteeing the optimization. According to that we come up with differentiated planning countermeasures for preservation and optimization of their historical value and practical performance. It is concluded that the traditional settlements are classified to six types which are integrity-remained settlement, partially remained settlement, structural remained settlement, environment-remained settlement, limited authentic buildings remained settlement, decaying settlement. And for each typology specific planning disciplines and strategies are proposed.Publication Open Access The cultural turn of waterfront planning in contemporary metropolis: international experience and the practice of waterfront area in shanghai Xuhui district(AESOP, 2015) Yang, Dan; Li, Xiangning; Bai, FeiThe waterfront area as an important strategic region of the international metro cultural turn in urban planning and management through international experience area in Shanghai Xuhui District is the last remaining urban waterside area developed completely in Shanghai on a large scale and a complex of municipal fu waterfront landscape, urban waterside public space and industrial sites renovation Through field research and investigation, studying its planning history and interviewing, referencing cıatshei ss taurdtiiecsle analyses the rebuilding city image and place, the roles and responsibilities of government and public agencies in operational capacity, local culture production of value and wisdom, education of cultural rights and responsibilities in the development of cultural corridor Shanghai Xuhui District. In conclusion, it indicates a culture-centered concept key to sustainable development in Waterfront Area in Shanghai Xuhui District; a ne waterfront planning in contemporary metropolis that takes the middle path will emPublication Open Access Shanghai Lilong renewal from the perspective of consumer culture(AESOP, 2015) Baoyu, Wang; Guanzeng, ZhangWith the development of social economy, the renewal of traditional lane residential areas in Chinese cities is significantly affected by consumer culture. In the case of Shanghai, Lilong (the local name of lane residential area) renewal has always been combined with tourism and commercial strategies, and has created a new format of urban development since 2000. In this paper, 5 typical Shanghai Lilong areas are selected. To study the characteristics of consumer groups, motivation, behavior, the attraction of street space and cultural elements of these areas, a questionnaire survey is conducted, and the commercial structures of the 5 samples are also analyzed. The paper has discovered that the characteristics of the main consumer groups in Shanghai Lilong are represented by 3 Hs (high education, high income, and high social class) also by lower age, higher percentage of international population and distinct regional features (far higher percentage of native Shanghai people), etc. Through a statistical analysis, 4 representative consumer groups are identified: white-collar workers, college students, foreign tourists and business people, and natives of Shanghai, whose core motivation of consumption is considered to be the construction of social identity and self-identity, reflecting complex values and behavior characteristics. To better cater to its consumer group’s motivations, the Lilong keeps on strengthening the significant characteristics of consumer culture like unique, historic and aesthetic features, as well as the middle to higher consumption tendency and the density of significance. The author argues that the renewal of traditional Lilong has really improved the image of the city and stimulated consumption, but also led to some potential problems, such as the social contradictions, the loss of the authentic culture represented by Lilong, and the superficial trend of cultural connotations in consumption. This research is intended to provide a case study for the renewal of traditional Lilong or lane residential areas in Chinese cities and some reflections on corresponding problems.Publication Open Access Permanent public art from the perspective of claims and context(AESOP, 2015) Vlachynska, PetraPermanent public art is one of the layers of the city. In the Czech Republic the practice of public art dramatically changed after1989. All the legislative and institutional support that regulated and ideologically controlled this domain was abolished. New strategies and policy have not yet been established. However, new permanent public art is still installed into the cities. This contribution analyses three phases of the process leading to the new art in the city. Claims, context and art itself are three elements of the whole. They have equal importance. Theoretical understanding of claims, context and art can lead to the precise articulation of future claims, appropriate expectation and better evaluation of benefits. Claims are specific in time and space. Claims, often expressed by the subjects initiating the process of creation, represent mental soil. They are formulated in official strategies (general level) or discussed for the purpose of a specific work. The importance of context developed significantly in the last decades. Context is considered a crucial element in the meaning of public art. Location of important public art, monuments and memorials requires a complex approach and the involvement of artistic professionals, architects and preservationists. Art in public spaces lays on the intersection of different forces: artistic individuality and public interest, sensitivity for actual issues as well as long-term values. Keywords: permanent public art, claims, contextPublication Restricted Negotiating cultural heritage: the case of the new Dutch water defense line(AESOP, 2015) Raats, Koen; de Vries, JochemThe shift from government to governance has changed the relationship between the public many policy fields. Providing collective services and goods is traditionally seen as a so but is recently more and more provided in close cooperation with the private sector. The values takes place in dynamic policy arenas where there is continuous tension between the interest. This paper focuses on the critical conditions for successful negotiations. Framing and institutional planning theory emphasize different variables that explain the successful negotiations in governance arenas. A crucial difference between both theoretical perspective problem definition in negotiations. Whereas the institutional planning perspective takes problem as a fixed, static entity that different actors try to solve in the most effective theory suggests that different actors could interpret the collective problem differently From this viewpoint the problem definition is shaped and reshaped by the actors during. The relation between the institutional context and the framing of policy problems is the paper. The cultural heritage sector is a perfect example of a sector that has changed from a pub to an arena in which public and private actors are negotiating on policy outcomes. This the action arena was set around a static and single problem definition, resulting in a pr in which integration of diverging frames was extremely hard.Publication Open Access Permanent public art from the perspective of claims and context(AESOP, 2015) Vlachynska, PetraPermanent public art is one of the layers of the city. In the Czech Republic the practice of public art dramatically changed after1989. All the legislative and institutional support that regulated and ideologically controlled this domain was abolished. New strategies and policy have not yet been established. However, new permanent public art is still installed into the cities. This contribution analyses three phases of the process leading to the new art in the city. Claims, context and art itself are three elements of the whole. They have equal importance. Theoretical understanding of claims, context and art can lead to the precise articulation of future claims, appropriate expectation and better evaluation of benefits. Claims are specific in time and space. Claims, often expressed by the subjects initiating the process of creation, represent mental soil. They are formulated in official strategies (general level) or discussed for the purpose of a specific work. The importance of context developed significantly in the last decades. Context is considered a crucial element in the meaning of public art. Location of important public art, monuments and memorials requires a complex approach and the involvement of artistic professionals, architects and preservationists. Art in public spaces lays on the intersection of different forces: artistic individuality and public interest, sensitivity for actual issues as well as long-term values.Publication Open Access An initial exploration of Disneyland Shanghai from a planning perspective(AESOP, 2015) Mao, Weifeng; Warren, RobertAfter more than ten years negotiation, Disneyland ultimately decided to locate in Shanghai. This article firstly makes an introduction of the background of Disneyland in Shanghai, and analyzes the balance of its investment and return, explores cultural difference, which will help culture exchange Disney culture was brought to Asia, and local culture in Asia, especially in China, affected western culture other than Disney culture. On the other hand, it’ll help Walt Disney World and government to plan a better Disneyland. Furthermore, it explores the strengths and weaknesses of five existing Disney worlds. It analyzes the influence on economic, cultural, planning and governance/management field, and costs and benefits. From the study of Disneyland worldwide, especially Disneyland Hong Kong, according to the background of Shanghai and China, several suggestions are proposed to Disneyland Shanghai, to present an initial exploration of the range of issues that can be raised about the influence of the Disney theme park on Shanghai. Finally, this article draws a conclusion---an agenda for further research and policy analysis from a planning perspective, including their operation mode, competition with other theme parks and its survival issue, and ticket price and ticket selling system. Last but not the least, it analyzes the potential influence on the price of land and house, as well as the stock market.Publication Open Access Creative-based tourism development in small scale towns: a case of Alaçati(AESOP, 2015) Ince, Irem; Velibeyoglu, KorayToday, tourism has rapid expansion with the term of globalization (Hall and Page, 2003). Globalization offers technological innovations in transport, communication and information spreading around the world and it also reduces borders and barriers for culture exchange. Tourism development has been viewed as an opportunity for economic development of many destinations. In spite of the fact that negative impacts embodied in rapid development of tourism based on globalization process. Many tourism areas are in danger of mass tourism that consume sensitive landscapes and characteristics of settlements (Endresen, 1999). In that sense, the new phenomenon of creativity including various concepts such as creative economy, creative class, creative industries, creative clusters and creative tourism comes out as a driving force to contribute development of tourism (Florida, 2002; Landry, 2000; Richards, 2011). For this study, small scale towns, which have a risk of substantial losses of their cultural values, landscapes and way of life due to the rapid development of tourism, is examined in terms of creative-based tourism development. In this context, an urban design approach is defined as a tool that has a hand in guiding creative tourism development. Moreover, urban design toolkit which has various methods and techniques is used for fostering and understanding creative environment of Alaçati, which is small Turkey. Ultimately, the study investigates creative environment of the small-scale town for understanding the dynamics between creativity and tourism in the context of sustainable development.Publication Open Access Mega-events decoupled from long-term planning: shortcomings and learning from the Istanbul 2010 European capital of culture(AESOP, 2015) Jones, ZacharyCities are increasingly turning to mega-events to secure much desired global recovery of future economic investment. While events such as the Olympics or Expos are generally of city centers, sometimes entirely divorced from the existing urban fabric, one embedded within the city itself: the European Capital of Culture. The ECoC is a consisting of cultural events typically situated within the city itself as well surrounding region. One of the longest running continuous EU policy programs, the operated for 30 years with over 50 cities holding the much-coveted title. How can utilize this mega-event for the greatest benefit to the city? This paper specifically focuses on Istanbul and its tenure as the 2010 Capital of the event’s use and conservation of the urban built heritage in connection with to the ECoC, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality organized the Strategic Plan as the Historic Peninsula Site Management Plan. Both documents largely ignore the possible integration into a long-term strategy for the city. This oversight reveals found between large-scale events and host cities. The paper investigates the root divisions, the negative outcomes of such a disconnected and short-sighted approach the opportunities for planning to integrate culture and complimentary economic ac commercialization and tourism.Publication Open Access Coastal tourism in New Zealand: a challenge for local culture in a changing era?(AESOP, 2015) Ismail, KareemTourism sustainability is based on its ability to represent local culture and being beneficial for the community. This paper deals with this topic through investigating the relationship between coastal tourism activities and local communities in five case study areas in New Zealand and comparing them according to sustainable tourism indicators. Data were collected and analysed using mixed method research approach through A) Case study visits and literature review to identify the tourism system characteristics and connecting them with theoretical tourism models such as McKercher’s chaos models. B) Semi-structured interviews were conducted with local community representatives to get their perception on the effect of coastal tourism activities on their culture and tourism strategies implementation. The results showed that the lack of regional tourism strategies leads to weakening of the institutional structure managing coastal tourism activities in New Zealand causing fragmentation in the responsibilities of different agencies. Local and iwi community representatives express their dissatisfaction of the planning for tourism, its negative effects on their culture and lack of job opportunities in tourism. However, they appreciate the efforts made by some governmental authorities such as MfE, DOC and some local councils in protecting coastal tourism environmental assets and their cultural heritage. The study recommends formulation of updated tourism strategies on the regional level connected with New Zealand tourism vision 2025, enhancement of community participation through using adaptive management approach, incorporating local iwi culture in tourism activities and increasing tourism job opportunities for local community members to achieve sustainable tourism outcomes.