2019 Planning for Transition, Venice 9-13th July

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14235/1813

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 349

Open Access
A collaborative learning approach to promote positive interdependence in a “Planning Sustainable Cities” course
(AESOP, 2019) Martinez, Javier
Following the scholarship of teaching and learning, this study is contextualized in a “Planning Sustainable Cities” course. It presents a collaborative learning approach to promote positive interdependence. Under certain conditions, collaborative learning approaches can promote among students each other’s efforts to learn, resulting in positive interdependence (cooperation). However, cooperation is not always facilitated, and it might be challenged when students have diverse backgrounds. This study incorporated elements of mixed-methods and design-based research approaches. Pre and post-intervention surveys were conducted with 23 international students as well as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions on the type and level of collaboration, and student’s view of cooperative learning. Based on the results of the descriptive phase and the literature, we addressed two key issues during the design phase: improving group dynamics and facilitating collaboration in the Learning Management System (LMS). No outside enemy interdependence was observed (negative interdependence with another group). Means interdependence is the most predominant characteristic of positive interdependence present in group work and positively perceived by the students. In the collaborative learning approach that was designed, both a group dynamics workshop (analogue/in class) and group pages in the LMS seem to help in improving means interdependence.
Open Access
A Comparative Analysis of Local Climate Change Adaptation Plans for Natural Disaster Risk Reduction in South Korea
(AESOP, 2019) Yoon, Dong Keun; Cho, Seong Yun; Choi, Yeon Woo; Jang, Jung Woo
As abnormal weather phenomena due to climate change globally continues, the frequency of natural disasters and human and economic losses from floods, typhoon, heatwaves and heavy snow are constantly increasing in South Korea. For the last ten years (2008~2017), the total disaster damage cost was expected to be about $3 billion in South Korea. In response, South Korea established climate change adaptation plans based on the Low Carbon and Green Growth Act enacted in 2010. Local governments adopted detailed implementation strategies to mitigate and adapt climate change based on water management, energy, health and natural disaster management since 2011. This study compared 218 local climate change adaptation plans regarding natural disaster reduction strategies. Using content analysis, this study evaluated natural disaster reduction strategies based on natural disaster types and the stage of disaster management. Moreover, this study examined the regional differences in priorities of natural disaster risk reduction strategies to implement through spatial analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the local climate change adaptation plans are mainly focused on the improvement and reinforcement of physical structures to prevent damage from typhoon and heavy rain in South Korea. This study is expected to provide keys and knowledge for basic local governments to establish the next climate change adaptation implementation plan.
Open Access
A knowledge-driven approach to urban transformations: densification strategy of the central parts of Bergen, Norway
(AESOP, 2019) Roald, Hans Jacob; Elric de Koning, Remco
The municipality of Bergen has launched a radical strategy for densification. A total of 50 percent of the need for new housing should be covered within Bergen's central parts. Bergen is the second largest city in Norway and it is known for its intimate relations between a beautiful west coast landscape and, from a Norwegian perspective, a dense urban structure. Much is at stake when introducing a radical program for densification. A report has been prepared that records the area's character and identifies and analyses potential transformation areas. With assistance from Western Norway University of Applied Sciences and consulting firm Asplan Viak, GIS is used as a tool for obtaining operational information and analysis models. The work has been financed by the Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation. Information is provided about what characterises and distinguishes Bergen's central parts. A new analytic GIS-based tool is developed for measuring the spatial attributes that constitute an area's attractiveness. This tool combines the Space-Syntax and Spacescape methods. Eleven major transformation areas are identified and issues such as ownership, possible obstacles to implementation and overall potential for development are analysed. A step-bystep implementation is proposed and recommendations are made which address critical obstacles.
Open Access
A Multilevel Urban Landscape Measurement for Zoning Control – A case study of Gushan Kaohsiung in Taiwan
(AESOP, 2019) Li, Jouhui; Han-Liang, Lin
The zoning control in Taiwan is a legal regulation on land that emphasizes binding land use and density rather than landscape shaping of neighborhood, place, district etc. The current system of zoning and urban design guidelines in Taiwan lacks the perspective of urban landscape and results in high similarity of building and street-block’s fabrics. The purpose of the study is to provide perspectives of urban landscape, architecture, street-network configuration for enhancing the ability of zoning control and urban design guidelines to describe and control urban form in Taiwan. This article firstly presents quantitative measurements to describe urban form and activities in the scales of streets, plots, blocks, and places. Three measurements are Choice measure of Space Syntax, building density measure by Spacemate, and land-use mixture level of Mixed-use Index (MXI). The data is obtained from the field survey into the detail of building form, uses of every floor, gross floor area of each land parcel of study area, Gushan District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. The result supports the information of building density, choice measure, land-use mixture levels in the scales of cadastral land parcels, blocks and places. The measurements and comprehensive classification from the overlay analysis help urban design guidelines of zoning control with the landscape perspective.
Open Access
A participatory approach to Societal Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) as a way to start the debate on transforming residential subdivisions
(AESOP, 2019) Custers, Lieve; Devisch, Oswald; Huybrechts, Liesbeth
Residential subdivisions remain the preferred living environment for the majority of the people living in Flanders. But, this mode of living comes at a high societal cost. These costs are paid by society as a whole, whereas the advantages are only experienced by the residents (De Decker, 2011). In Flanders, there is an ongoing debate on how to reduce these costs since the sixties (Anselin, 1967; Braem, 1967; Strauven, 1980). In spite of this debate, the subdivision of open land continues at a rate of 6 ha each day (De Decker et al., 2010). Our hypothesis is that a societal cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) could benefit a more informed debate. A SCBA analyses the costs and benefits of (spatial) scenarios (ECORYS, 2008, p. 15) and relies on heuristics to translate these costs and benefits, in a transparent way, to a number of (monetary) values. As such a SCBA allows to include perspectives from multiple sectors (e.g. planning, ecology, heritage, mobility) and supports a strategic debate among policy makers. The conducting of a comprehensive SCBA is a complex process. We particularly propose to use SCBA as a dynamic and participatory instrument, that evolves along with the debate. As such, it would no longer only be a decision-support tool for policy makers, but also a capacity building tool that helps participants to reflect over the impact of their current (spatial) behavior and over how to reduce the societal cost of this behavior. In the paper, we will discuss how the participatory SCBA supports the definition of values, the composition of the value framework and the construction of the publics. Keywords: participatory societal cost benefit analysis; dynamic instrument; value framework; constructing publics
Open Access
A Research Framework of Urban Spatial Planning Regulation Based on Cardiovascular Health in the Context of Severe Cold Climate
(AESOP, 2019) Leng, Hong; Li, Shuyuan
Climate has a significant impact on public health. In the context of severe cold climate, severe cold regions have high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Combining the health problems with regional climate and urban spatial elements, to study the impact of urban space has on public health and planning regulation strategies will help deepen research of healthy urban planning. In this paper, with the analysis of the correlation between severe cold climate, urban space and cardiovascular, we discuss the research significance on urban spatial planning regulation based on cardiovascular health. We try to develop a research framework of urban spatial planning regulation in severe cold regions, through two pathways including reduction of incidence of cardiovascular diseases and promotion of physical activities favorable to prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases. With the pathways analysis, preliminary planning regulation strategies are put forward, aiming at providing some support for healthy urban planning in severe cold regions for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Open Access
A Study on China’s County Sports Center Planning Strategy from Smart Shrinkage Perspective
(AESOP, 2019) Liang, Bin; Wang, Yang
At the end of 2017, the urbanization rate of China's permanent residents was 58.52%, which has increased by 1.17% over last year. It is expected to exceed 60% by 2020. Rapid urbanization has brought about expansion of large cities and contraction of small and medium cities. Most of counties become population decline areas, which are not suitable for extensive development. Meanwhile, sports facilities in China's counties are extremely lacking. The promotion of sports industry and national fitness policy are imminent. Based on current situation of urban and industry development, this paper points out the problems and misunderstandings of current county sports centers in China, and combines several planning practices to propose the view of “smart shrinkage”. According to the planning andconstruction of county sports centers, this paper proposes four planning strategies: improving efficiency under shrinkage, intensive scale under precise orientation, function rebuilt under needs and the open and flexible interfaces, intending to guide the development of counties in China and to provide reference for planning and construction of county sports centers.
Open Access
A Study on Establishment of the Flood Protection Standard - A Case Study of Dali River Basin in Taiwan
(AESOP, 2019) Chang, Hsueh-Sheng; Katayama, Takahiro
Due to global climate change and rapid urbanization, the increasing impervious areas has resulted seriously human lives and property loss during flood disaster. The design standard of structural engineering measures could not stand with the extremely intensified flood disasters. In addition, such structural engineering measures might mislead the public that such areas are safe. In fact, urban stormwater integration planning and management has been implemented in the worldwide. After setting the flood protection "protection standards" for the region, the plan is adopted according to the standard. As a whole, it is the key to setting a reasonable, objective and scientific regional "protection standard" for the city. Therefore, the study will then clarify the theoretical connotation of “protection standards” and collect domestic and foreign past protection standards. Afterwards, the study will then develop a framework for “protection standards” suitable for operation in Dali River Basin in Taiwan. The cost-benefit analysis will then be applied to do the calculation.
Open Access
A Study on the Development Trend and Transformation of Shanghai as a Creative City in the 21st Century
(AESOP, 2019) Ma, Xiaojiao; Wang, Weiqiang
In the 21st century, under the wave of globalization, society is entering an economic development model with knowledge and creativity as its capital. Against global convergence, playing local characteristics of the city itself is the key to improving the city's competitiveness. This model of creating a city image with creative economy and stimulating economic development through creative industries has adapted to the requirements of post-industrial society for urban transformation. Therefore, it has been strongly supported and promoted by many governments, and has rapidly swept the world – “creative city” has gradually become a new paradigm for urban development. Based on the data of the Shanghai Statistical Yearbook for the past ten years, this paper visualizes creative investment, creative achievements and creative workers at the creative economy level, and hierarchy structure, proportion and salary at the creative class level, and creative immigrants, homosexual index and creative ideas at the creative city level. Thereby it analyzes the development trend of Shanghai as a creative city at various levels in the past ten years, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of its development. This paper found the advantages are that the national level has a large investment in research and development in Shanghai, a large number of patents granted, a rapid development of creative industries, and a leading index of creativity across the country (except Beijing). The shortcoming is that the number and proportion of the creative class is not big enough. At the same time, Shanghai as an international metropolis, the openness, inclusiveness and diversity of the city are far from enough. In these respects, we analyzes the creative city—Helsinki's successful experience, meant to guide Shanghai's future development strategy and transformation as a creative city.
Open Access
A Transdisciplinary Perspective on City Technologies: Touchpoints between Informatics and Urban Disciplines
(AESOP, 2019) Lupi, Lucia
Current digital technologies are not oriented to support the practices of transformative planning and more in general the management of complex social processes in urban environments. The active engagement of scholars and urban practitioners in defining nature and applications of future city technologies meant to addresses this type of challenges is crucial. However, this path requires to move beyond the disciplinary boundaries and conventional research practices of urban disciplines. Assuming a transdisciplinary perspective is essential to effectively combine the consolidated knowledge on city dynamics and urban transformations developed within urban disciplines with the knowledge and expertise in the design of digital technologies in the domain of Informatics. To contribute in establishing synergies for developing a transdisciplinary research agenda on city technologies, this paper outlines a schema for bridging urban disciplines and informatics, in particular, Urban Planning, Urban Design and Urban Studies on one side, and Computer-Supported Cooperative W ork, Human-Computer Interaction Design and Information Systems on the other side. This work maps correspondences and affinities between different fields on both sides, highlighting some essential approaches or concepts in each of them that could benefit from the integration with their counterpart in order to advance our understanding on how to rethink digital technologies for serving social change aims and transformative planning practices.
Open Access
Adaptation : A metaphor for the age of climate change
(AESOP, 2023) Magnabosco, Giacomo; Bertin, Mattia; Fabian, Lorenzo
The following contribution aims to explore the projective qualities of the metaphor, with a specific focus on the organic metaphor, and its potential applications within the milieu of climate change. Firstly, the paper will concentrate on the understanding of the metaphor as a tool for the construction of referential images and imaginary projects, taking into consideration some of the projects that have been generated through this powerful, cognitive means. Secondly, analyzing the term adaptation and the whole of its spatial connotations, an investigation will be proposed, which will identify this very concept as the vector for the modification of cities and areas that are – or soon will be – facing the impact of current and prospective climate transformations.
Open Access
Advisability of Reintroducing the Building Code document to Canton Sarajevo Spatial and Urban Planning Legislation
(AESOP, 2019) Tabori, Nataša
In most European countries urban planning is a process controlled by many instruments, among which is a building code document. Sarajevo, as a part of former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, got its first Building Code in 1880, followed by a second Building Code in 1893. Ever since, the Building Code Document is missing in Sarajevo's spatial regulative, which resulted in unclear building procedures and urban "cacophony". In 1936, there was an attempt to make a unified Building Code for all cities in former Kingdom of Yugoslavia, but it failed in its implementation. Today, in Canton Sarajevo, the procedure of obtaining the urban permit has no clear structure and rules for how to build in a specific urban area. Obtaining the building permit depends on individual aesthetic criteria of municipality clerk who is creating an individual frame of rules. This makes procedures unclear, not transparent and often open for corruption. The result of unclear procedures is urban and architectural "cacophony", which is especially visible in the urban area of Sarajevo valley. Situated in South East Europe, after the fall of Berlin wall in 1990 the city has faced some dramatic changes due to Yugoslav wars and the transition processes, among which is transition from the former socialist political and economic system to the capitalist system which specifically affects spatial planning and development process.
Open Access
Alberto Sartoris: transitions to a possible urban utopia (1922-1989)
(AESOP, 2019) Gavello, Cinzia
The events related to the development of urban agglomerations started by Alberto Sartoris in 1922 highlight his uncommon attention to the themes of a transition to a possible utopia, whose structure is constituted by collective solidarity and rational subdivision, aimed at a rigorous use of strict design principles that aim to concentrate the population in specific parts of the city, such as in large buildings or neighborhoods duly sized, in the normalization of housing and traffic regulations. This approach to urban planning is evident observing the first so-called “urban compositions” conceived by Sartoris, such as the project for the Stadium or the University City of Turin, the project for the Satellite city of Rebbio in 1939, with Giuseppe Terragni, reaching the most recent urban plans of Punta Aspera in Varazze and Mont-Fleuri in Montreux in 1963, or the project for a “bridge city” in Barcelona in 1989, within which the unmistakable metaphysical matrix of rationalism is clearly recognizable. The aim of the proposal is to explore the challenges faced by Sartoris in the debate of the 1930s related to the development new urban scenarios and the exact role of the creative and humanist architect in the face of the interpretative change of that time.
Open Access
Along the river Cormor, re-linking landscapes and public facilities in the region Friuli Venezia
(AESOP, 2019) Cigalotto, Gulia Paola; Marchigiani, Elena
In Italy, the drawing of policies for an Urban Agenda has only recently re-gained attention on the national level. However, while the discussion still focuses on metropolitan and inland urban contexts concerned by major transformations or abandonment trends, the ordinary framework of small and medium cities and villages – building the most of Italian territories – tends to remain at the background. These situations prevail in Friuli Venezia Giulia, where the 71% of Municipalities count less than 5.000 inhabitants. Many urban centres stand nearby the system of rivers, which structures a variety of landscapes from the mountains to the sea. Since the 2000s, a number of Municipalities from the valley of the river Cormor have started re-thinking their economies, taking slow mobility as the driver for sustainable tourism. With the support of a citizens’ Association, they are now working on a River Contract, a non-compulsory tool for the participatory construction of strategic/planning instruments combining environmental protection with sustainable local development. This is the context of the activities that the Master Course in Architecture of the University of Trieste has recently carried out in collaboration with local stakeholders. The design of the southern extension of a horse and cycle track along the river gave the opportunity to re-frame the issue of tourism in a larger planning perspective, aimed at enhancing the relations between the river, and the small/medium urban centres it goes through. Results offer new planning visions that: interpret the Cormor as the spine of a network of ecological services; foster the reuse and re-connection of existing public facilities; re-define the topic of ‘slow tourism’ according to the specific characters and lifestyles of these contexts.
Open Access
Alpine Industrial Landscapes in Transition. Towards a transferable strategy for brownfield transformation in mountain regions
(AESOP, 2019) Modica, Marcello; Weilacher, Udo
Since a few decades in many European mountain regions a process of economic restructuring is leading to the decline of traditional heavy and manufacturing industry. The issue of brownfield transformation is therefore becoming a crucial topic in the sustainable development of peripheral and rural areas too, although not yet officially recognized. The complex environmental, economic and social challenges posed by brownfield transformation in mountain areas, added to the structural limitations of marginal contexts as such, require the development of a context-specific, transferable strategy. In this perspective, the Alps, as the most developed mountain region in Europe, can play a key role as a laboratory for brownfields conversion. The first results of this research, which include a comparative analysis of the most representative industrial brownfield typologies found in mountain areas, suggest that an effective and transferable transformation strategy can be successfully developed only if a “landscape approach” based on structuralist planning principles is used. Through the development of an according strategy, the research wants to show that industrial brownfield sites can be positively and constructively interpreted, in the Alpine context and possibly in other mountain regions, as a valuable territorial infrastructure to be reactivated rather than simply a vacant land to be redeveloped.
Open Access
Alternative discourse and narratives for institutional change in transport planning
(AESOP, 2019) Imran, Muhammad
Mega transport infrastructure is increasingly resisted by local communities throughout the world. Community resistance becomes successful if alternative discourses and narratives have been developed and linked with a wide range of like-minded actors and are advanced during the transport planning process. This paper explores discourses argued and presented by various stakeholders to advance and resist the Basin Reserve Bridge (BRB) proposal in Wellington, New Zealand as a part of the Roads of National Significance (RoNS). This paper critically reviews planning and policy documents, media reports and submissions to uncover distinctive arguments and narratives within five main storylines: economic storylines, safety storylines, environmental storylines, traffic and access storylines, and heritage storylines. The influence of discourses is discussed at political, institutional and social levels to provide a greater understanding of community resistance. This paper concludes that alternative discourse has the potential to break a path dependency in transport planning and create a foundation for a new policy path.
Open Access
Alternative Urbanism in the Historic City Centre: A Transnational Perspective on Theory and Practice
(AESOP, 2019) Akl, Ameera; Kamvasinou, Krystallia
Historic city centres are characterised by the tension between the local, represented by authentic spaces of everyday life, and the global, responding to the needs of tourism industry and capital flows. Under the neoliberal paradigm, state-led urban regeneration projects often benefit developers and private investors with little regard to the socio-economic dynamics of existing communities. Recently, this approach has been challenged by alternative practices of placemaking that represent a transition from top-down imposition of urban change to the co-production of space. Such practices are characterised by a more temporary, flexible and tactical approach to the design of space. They represent a collective desire that involves several actors, from local residents and business owners, to civil society organisations and design professionals in the role no longer of the exclusive author but as facilitators and mediators of change. Observing the development of such practice in the western world, and the corresponding theorisation attempts developed mostly by western scholars, this paper looks further to its applications in the global South, with evidence drawn from empirical research in London, UK and Cairo, Egypt. The paper suggests that alternative urbanism may be indicative of a longer-term transition towards a more equitable urban planning practice.
Open Access
An inclusive, multilevel planning experience to regenerate Milan metropolitan peripheries
(AESOP, 2019) Pezzoni, Nausicaa
“Metropolitan welfare and urban regeneration” is the project that the Metropolitan City Authority of Milan is carrying out thanks to a National fund by the Infrastructure Ministry of the Central State aiming at developing deprived areas in the country. The topic of inclusiveness is the key chosen by the Metropolitan City of Milan to interpret the issue of peripheries and the idea of urban regeneration. Its target is to transform marginal places into the pivots of a territorial and social infrastructure to build a new livability of the metropolitan suburbs, through a multilevel planning tool that involves the environmental level, such as the housing inclusion and the cultural and social promotion levels. It is mainly addressing the vulnerable population, and at the same time it aims at the construction of nodes of attractions for all the citizens. The paper presents the innovative approach of governance proposed by a program that experiments new relationships at the metropolitan scale, and the contents of the six different projects that compose the program interpreting the issue of integration as a fundamental criterion into planning tools aimed at responding to the current challenges.
Open Access
An On Demand Transport in a Low Density Region of Portugal - Alentejo
(AESOP, 2019) Carvalheira, Carmen
Mobility and accessibility to services in low density areas is a concern of municipal management policies in the Alentejo. Alentejo is the least populated region in the country, representing over one third of national territory but only 7.1% of its population. It is also the region with the oldest population, 22.9% being 65 years of age or more (while the national average is 17.5%). The CCDRA (Coordination Commission of Alentejo) has proposed, working with the municipalities, to model an on-demand-transport, based on a suitable selection of route centres and itineraries, with the objective of increasing coverage of the existing public transport network (providing an offer in areas and / or periods of the day or year where this offer does not exist or is in deficit). The project will start soon with five municipalities and, in a second phase all the remaining 40 municipalities can be added according to their will. In a first stage, routes, schedules and frequencies are established depending on health needs, supply needs, weekly markets, access to administrative and financial services or for linking with other means of transportation, and serving mainly elderly people living in distant places not served by public transport. Vehicles only make the routes if, in advance, the service has been requested and only go to the stops that have reservations.
Open Access
Analysing the relation between territorial fragilities and accessibility: a focus on individual dimension and needs
(AESOP, 2019) Vendemmia, Bruna
This paper aims at examining the relation between territorial fragilities, mobility and accessibility: mobility as social practice interlocked in time and space, and accessibility as the possibility of an individual to access at different out-of-home activities. The main purpose of this paper is to answer to the following questions: is it possible to establish a relation between the level of accessibility of a given territory and its territorial fragilities? As matter of fact, many research in last twenty years demonstrated the causality between low level of accessibility and mobility related social exclusion. In this paper I will show how an interpretation of accessibility, based on individual’s needs and opportunities, may help to establish a relation between low level of accessibility and territorial fragilities. Indeed, traditional accessibility approaches brought to a misrepresented narrative, that describes a high infra-structured territory also as a more accessible and stronger one. Thanks to a bibliographical review oriented toward redefining the concept of accessibility, this work will challenge this narrative. It will be proved that a more accurate definition of mobility and accessibility may demonstrate that remoteness can be, at the most, one among the many drivers that lead to territorial fragilities.